æ

yi

one

æ

yi hao

the first day of a month

ɑ ku

yi kou (shui)

CL (water)

ɑ pɑ

yi ba (dao)

CL (knife)

ɑ pʰeluj - ɑ pɑ kulej

yilai … erlai (yilai tai gui, erlai tai da)

in the first place ... secondly (eg. in the first place, it is too expensive, secondly, it is too big)

ɑ pu

yi liang (che)

CL (car)

ɑ ʂɑn

yi shan (men)

CL (door)

ɑ tʰɑu

yi tao (yifu)

CL (clothes)

ɑ tʂətʂə

dajia

we all, all of us

ɑ tʂʰuɑn

yi chuan (putao)

CL (grapes)

ɑ tu

yi duo (huar)

CL (flower)

ɑ tʰu

yi bi (shengyi)

CL (transaction)

ɑ wo

yi cong (cao)

CL (grass)

ɑ wo

yi ke (shu)

CL (tree)

ɑ χu - ɑ tʂʴə

(yi) zu, (yi) tao

set

æɸən

yi fen qian

a cent

ɑi

yi zhi (ji)

CL (chicken)

ɑi ki mopʰu

ai! zhen kelian!

interjection-exclamation (eg. oh! so pitiful!)

æjæ kətʰɑ

ge ye

overnight

æjɑ ʂou

zhengye

whole night

ækæ əki

zaijian

good-bye, bye-bye

ækʰækʰæ

keqi

to stand on ceremony

ækʰækʰæ

bu huang bu mang

at ease

ækʰækʰæ

mantuntunde

sluggish

ækʰækʰæ

jianjianr

gradually, by and by

ækʰækʰæ

qiaoqiaode

secretly

ækʰækʰæ ɕi

manmanrdi

slowly

ækæmæ

mingnian

next year

ɑku

yi zuo (fangzi)

CL (house)

ælæ

nimen

'you (ye)' PRO 2nd pl.

ɑlɑ

tianfang

to marry a widower

ɑlɑ

cha dui

to wedge in, to crowd into the line

ɑlɑ

jiaru, canjia

join, participate

ælæ ɦĩ

nilia

you two

ælæ ɦĩ mɑtʂɑ tʰəj

niliang zai chifan

you two are having meal

ælæ mɑtʂɑ tʰəj

nimen zai chifan

you are having meal

ælæ nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

nimen shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when are you all coming back?)

ælæs

nimen de

yours (pl.)

æmən tsu

baihou

diphtheria

ɑn tɑu

lyuci

repeatedly, often

æny

ziji

self

æny ɦɑtʂə

zisha

suicide

æny χuχu

gezi

individually

ɑp hɑnq

yi nian dao tou

all year round

ɑp kəʴ

nianchu

beginning of the year

ɑp mɑkɑ

meinian

annually, every year

æpæ

yi kuai qian

a dollar

æpæ

zhuo micang

to play hide and seek

æpæ

duo

to hide

æpæ

bimian

avoid

ɑpæ

shunjian

moment

ɑpɑ

laoye

head of the household

æpæ əʑylu - tʂəwu ləɤʐ tɑs mɑ

dang yihuir, ta hai yao kanshu

wait a monent, he has to read book.

ɑpɑ mupɑ

laotianye

god

æpæ təsə

(fan) sou

(rice) bad

æpæ ʐə

pifubing

skin diseases

ɑpɑlɑn

zuxian

ancestor

æpænpə

pingbei

of the same generation

ɑq gui

yuezhong

middle of the month

ɑq ɦəje

manyue

the month after childbirth

ɑq kəʴ

yuechu

beginning of the month

ɑq stækæ

yuedi

end of the month

æs

chuyi

first day of the lunar month

ɑs

zhengtian

whole day

ɑs

chengtian

all day long, the whole day, all the time

ɑʂ

yi fang

one side, one party

ɑs ɦətsə - kəʴ

gaitian, cengjing

some day, ever

as kətʰɑ

ge yi tian

every other day

ɑs mɑkɑ

meitian

daily, everyday

ɑsɑ

ting

to listen

ɑsɑ

wen

to smell

ɑsɑ

xiang

ring

ɑsɑ

tingshuo, jushuo

it is said, they say

ɑʂɑ

si

to die

ɑsɑ - ɑsɑ kɑ

tingjian, tingdejian

to hear

ɑsɑ mɑkɑ

longzi

deaf person

ɑsɑ mɑqɑ

ting bu dong

cannot understand (a language)

ɑʂɑm

siren

the dead

ɑsɑqɑ

ting de dong

can understand (a language)

aʂe

si

death

ɑʂə

liu, sheng

to remain, to be left

asi

shou

to guard

ɑsmɑkɑ heki næ tʂʰətʂʰə kə sə tʰə qəs ʐəsɑ

meitian chuqu sansanbu bi chi shenme buyao hao

comparative sentence (eg. going out to take a walk everyday is better than taking any kind of tonic)

ɑstu̥

yi qian

a thousand

astu̥ təpi

cheng qian

thousands

ɑtɑty

guaidai (xiaohai)

to kidnap

ɑtʂ

yi ping (jiu)

CL (wine)

ɑtʂʰ

di

to drip

ætsæ

ding niu

to sew on button

ætʂʰæ

jiejin

approach

ɑtʂɑ

zao

early

ɑtʂɑ

chenzao

to start early

ɑtʂʰɑ

linju

neighbor

ɑtʂʰɑ

mi

dense

ɑtʂʰɑ

pangbian

side, beside, alongside

ɑtʂʰɑ

gebi

neighboring, next door

ɑtʂʰɑ

fujin

around

ɑtʂʰɑ

zhouwei

surrounding, environment

ɑtʂʰɑ

fujin, linju

neighbourhood

ɑtʂɑj

hen jiu

very long (in time)

ætʂʰe

shangu

valley

ɑtʂə

yiqi

in unison, together

ɑtʂə

quan, wanquan

entirely, completely, all

ɑtsə ɑtsə

lingxing

fragmentary

ɑtʂə ki

yidi, mandi

the whole floor / ground

ɑtʂə tʂə

daochu

everywhere

atʂətʂə

quanti

whole

atʂətʂə

zhongzhong, gezhong

various

ɑtʂetʂə

yigong, zonggong

all together, total

ɑtʂətʂə

suoyou, quanbu

all

ɑtʂətʂə

zheng ge

whole

ɑtʂətʂə

dou, quan, yiqie

all

ɑtʂətʂə

tongtong

entirely

ɑtʂətʂə

fanshi

all, common, general

ɑtʂətʂə

wanquan

wanquan

ɑtʂətʂə ji mi ŋu

daochu dou shi laji

copula sentence (eg. everywhere is garbage)

ɑtʂətʂə tɑ

chuchu

here and there

ɑtʂətʂə ʐə

hui ge zhongshou yi de ren

jack-of-all-trades

ɑtsu

kaidao, dong shoushu

to operate on

ɑtsu

bao shangkou

to wrap a wound

ɑtʂuɑ

yi ba, yi wo

handful

ɑtʂʰuɑn

yi tiao (beizi)

CL (blanket)

ɑtsuo

yi zuo (qiao)

CL (bridge)

ɑtʰu

(diyi) ci

(first) time

ɑtu nətu

da lengjin

to shudder

ɑw

yi zhi (chuan)

CL (boat)

æwe

lei

be tired

ɑwe

laojia

"I have troubled you"

awəʴ

feixin, xinku

take pains, suffer trouble

ɑwu

zaofan

breakfast

ɑχɑ

qi

regular, uniform, even

ɑχɑ

zhengqi

orderly

ɑχɑ

yiyang, tongyang, xiangtong

same

ɑχɑ miw

cencibuqi

uneven

aχu

bufen

part, portion

ɑχu

chongdie, dui

pile up

æxue

yi wan

ten thousand

æy kɑ

kandejian

be visible

azɑ

kaozhe (hebian)

alongside (eg. river)

ɑzɑ

xiang

to border (garment, shoes)

ɑzə

shaowei

slightly

ɑzə

youdianr

somewhat

ɑzə

yidianr

little

ɑzə sətɑtʰə mu

(zai chi yidian ba)

additive, "eat some more ! "

ɑzəʨi tamtəʨʰi

chadianr, jihu

almost, nearly

æzue

nian

to glue, to stick

ɑʨʰɑty

duyanlong

gotch-eyed person

æʨo

yi mao qian

a dime

æȵy χule

zikua

boast of, be proud of

æȵylæ mæ

zijiren

in-group

bæ

shizhi

index finger, forefinger

bæbom

woniu

snail

bɑm

zhangbei

senior generation

bɑχɑ

larou

dried salted meat, cured pork

bəʴ

gaowan

testicles

bi

niao

urine

bi

xi

fine (eg. thread)

bi ɕiki

sa niao

to urinate

bi squ

pangguang

bladder

biəqə

kedou

tadpole

bu

chongzi

worm

bu

gu

drum

bu

shen

deep

bu zæte

dagu

to hit the drum

bujy

si

6th earthly branch

buʨɑq

zhuchong

insect which eats wood or bamboo

ɕəʴ

hua, litou

plow-share

ɕəʴ səʂ

chuan niu bizi

to pierce the nose of a cow

ɕi

tie

iron

ɕi

pianniu

yak

ɕi

jiu

liquor, wine

ɕi

dingzi

nail

ɕi

qingzhu

comgrathlate, celebrate

ɕi

song

send off

ɕi ət

quan jiu

to pledge in wine

ɕi jɑpo

jiuwo

dimples

ɕi kuty

jiuniang

sweet fermented rice

ɕi səku

jing jiu

to present a cup of wine

ɕi səpʰɑ

bai jiuxi

to give a banquet

ɕijɑŋ mæ

xiyangren

foreigner

ɕijy

duzi

belly

ɕijy tətʂʰe

xieduzi

to have diarrhea

ɕijy ʐə

duzitong

to have stomachache

ɕikʰɑ

juzi

saw

ɕikə tʰi

da penti, da tipen

to sneeze

ɕikəʴ

xigai

kneecap

ɕimi

guozi

fruit, nut

ɕimi

shuiguo

fruits

ɕimi

shuiguo

fruits

ɕimi

pingguo

apple

ɕimi ʁuɑi ɦĩ təzɑ

(wu ge pingguo chi le liang ge)

partitive, "ate two apples out of five"

ɕiŋ

xin

letter

ɕiŋ jewæ

xie xin

to write a letter

ɕiŋ stɑ

ji xin

to mail a letter, to send

ɕiŋtʂʰj tse

zhe ge libai, zhe ge xingqi

this week

ɕiŋʨʰi

libai, xingqi

week

ɕiŋʨʰi tʰɑs

libaitian, xingqitian

Sunday

ɕipæ

guochanzi

food-turner

ɕipæ

chanzi

shovel, spade

ɕipu sə ləɤʐ ɦepu ʨi

yong (yong jiandao jian zhi)

instrumental marker (eg. to cut paper with a pair of scissors)

ɕiʁuə

chengchui

weight of steelyard

ɕiʂu

liandao

sickle

ɕiʂu̥

xiu

rust

ɕiʂu̥

pichaidao

firewood splitter

ɕiʂu̥

jiandao

scissors

ɕiʂu̥ ɦeqe

sheng xiu

to rust

ɕitʰɑ

xuan … (zuo)

to elect (as)

ɕitʰɑ

xi

(liquid) thin

ɕite

huoqian

fire tongs

ɕite

qianzi

pincers

ɕits

xizi

mat, matting

ɕiʐə poŋ

qiuyin

earthworm

ɕue

xunlian

to train

ɕuətsə

xuezi

long boots

ɕuχuɑ

kongshou

empty-handed

ɕy

shengming

life

ɕy

xueshe

to tell tales

ɕy

xue, mofang

to imitate

ɕy

zhidao

to instruct, to guide

ɕy

xue, xuexi

learn

ɕy

xunyang

tame

ɕy ɕik ɑpɑte

jiao xuefei

to pay tuition

ɕy əkəʴ

ruxue

to enter school

ɕy ʁuɑ

yaozhe

to die young

ɕy təkue

kaixue

school begins

ɕy təʨiutʰɑ ɦoje

han jiuming

to call help !

ɕyɕy

shuo huang

to lie

ɕylem

tudi

apprentice

ɕyləm

xuesheng

student

ɕyləm təʴ mæpæ ȵi kəʐ

na ge xuesheng bu shi duolan jiushi hunao

disjunctive sentence (eg. that student is either lazy or naughty)

ɕym

laoshi

teacher

ɕym

yuanding

gardener

ɕym

shifu

master of a trade

ɕytɑ

xuexiao

school

ɕytynæ

houtian

day atrer tomorrow

ɕytynæ mæχuɑ

houtian wanshang

day after tomorrow evening

ɕyχuɑ ȵiu

yunfu

pregnant woman

ɕʨuep

anjing

peaceful, quiet

ɕʨuep

jing

quiet

da dopʰu

yunsan

the clouds disperse

dæ ətʂʰe

niandi

end of the year

da hĩ

wanxia

rosy clouds, rosy sunset

dɑpʰi

yuncai

cloud

dɑtɑ

dukou

ford

dæʴgæ

lie

to crack

də

doufu

bean curd

dək

louti

staircase

dək ɦəki

xia louti

to come down a stairway

dək tiki

shang louti

to climb the stairway, steps

dəpæ

douzi

bean

dəpæ

dadou

soybean

dəpæ

wandou

snow pea-pod

dəpæ

sijidou

string bean

dəsy

chuanran

to infect

dətsu kupæ

qingwa

green frog, frog

duɑ ʂpe

tuiduzi

calf of the leg

duɑ ʂukuə

xiwo

inside of the knee

duekə

(niao) zui

beak, bill

dyp

hounian

year after next

dʐɑkʰæ

chibang

wing

dʐækə

xiaba

chin

dzæmæ

wufan

lunch

dʐə

maizi

wheat

dʐə

wumingzhi

ring finger, the 3rd finger

dʐəpɑ

xing

star

dʐəpɑ dokʰu lu

liuxing

meteor

dʐəʂp

jin

tendon

dzəʂue

zhucang (guz)

to store (grains)

dzəʂuj

zhaotie

posters, notices

dzətʂəpe

zhe, zhedie

to fold

dzətʂetʰɑ

die

to fold up

dzəʨʰy

hui lan

(animals) to return to the pen

dʐu

liang

tael

dʐu

meimei (zhicheng)

younger sister (quoting term)

dʐu əku

mendun

stone block at each side of the steps, outside of the door of a Chinese house

dʐukə

menya

incisors, front teeth

dʐuki

jiaogen

heel

dʐupæ

zhenban

cutting board

dʐuʂpu

chuangkuang

window frame

dʐuʂpu

menkuang

door frame

e

yi ding (zhangzi)

CL (curtain)

e

kuair

block

e kʰɕi

yi bei

twice as much/many

e kʰɕi mɑsə

yi bei duo

two times odd

e tʂuɑ

dushengzi

single child

e tsuəʴtsue mɑkɑ

meitian zaoshang

every morning

e tue

(yi) dui

pair, couple

e ȵɑ əʨypæ

yi ge ban

one and a half

əɕi

guangai

to irrigate

eɕy

hequn

to flock together

eɕy

tuannian

(family) to gather together for New Year's Eve

eɕy

peiban

to keep company

eɕy

tongbao

compatriot

eɕy

tongshi

colleague

eɕy pe

kai hui

to have a meeting

əɕy pe

hehuo

to go into partnership

eɕy ȵiu

bu zhengqi

(person) untidy

eɕype

ninggu

to congeal, become hard

eɕype

tongxiang

people from the same native village

eɕype

jihe

to gather, to assemble

eɕype əsə

duidie

to pile up

eɕype mæ

bendiren

aboriginal

eɕypeɦunn

shouji zai yiqi

to gather together

eje mæχuɑ mɑkɑ

meitian wanshang

nightly, every evening

eke

wuzi (danjian de)

room

eke

kao

to lean against

eke

yi zhi (yan)

CL (cigarette)

əke

bianmi

constipation

əke

yikao

depend

əki

pai, dafa

to send

əki

jin

to enter

eki eki

yi ge yi ge

one by one

əkimɑ

hui jia

to go home

ekʰue

qun

herd, group, flock

əkue

zhe, yan, gai

to cover

əkuəʴ

wu (zuiba)

to cover with the hand

əkulu

pian (qian)

to cheat

əlu - səli

jiaojinlai, zhuangru

to let s.o. to come in

əmæ

wangji

to forget

əmɑu

yi gen (zhen)

CL (needle)

eməŋ

yi jian (shiqing)

CL (matter)

ənə

qin

close (in relationship)

əni

shen

permeate, soak into

əpæ

tie (chunlian)

to paste up

əpæj

binan

to seek refuge from calamity

əpʰetʰɑ

pai (jianbang)

to pat (on the shoulder)

əpʰu

tui se

color runs

əpʰu

taoxue

to play truant

əpʰu

siben

to elope

əpʰu

taodiao

to flee

əpʰu

taopao, taozou

to escape, to run away

əpʰuj

taonan

to flee from calamity

əpʰuntʰɑ

peng

to run against

əqi

zhu, guan

pour

əʁze

zhun

accurate

əse

bo (sa) zhong

to sow seeds

əse

fang (jiaju)

to arrange / to place (furniture)

əsə

ge, fangzhi

to put, to place in/on

əsə

pai, bai

to line up, to queue up, to dispose

əsə

jin bengbeng de

taut

əsə

ge, fangzhi

to put, to place in / on

əsə

fangjia

take off, undo

əsə

fangxia, xiexia

inload, take off, undo

əsə

cun, ji

accumulate, save up

əʂə

chucang, cun

preserve, cun

əʂə

shoucun

keep, take charge of

əsə kæʴ

chuxu

to save money

əʂəkəß

yisheng, yibeizi

to whole life

əsu

mashang, like

immediately

eʂχu

shangwu

before noon

əsy

xuyuan

to make a vow

ətæ

zhu

worm-eaten, moth-eaten

ete

danshenhan

bachelor

ete

yi ge (ren)

CL (person)

ete

yi tou (niu)

CL (cow)

əte

zu

to hinder, to get in the way

ətə

jie zhi

to graft

ətə

jie

to take with the hand, to receive

ətə

da ba

to shoot the target

ətə

bu xiaohua

indigestible, overfilling and uncomfortable

ətə

ni (you)

fatty

ətə

zheng

upright

ətə

jia

pinch

ətə

ganshang

overtake

ətʰə

pengshang

to knock against something and get hurt

ətʰə

chongtu, zhuang

clash into, collide with

əte kɑ

gandeshang

be in time

ətə mɑkɑ

di bu zhu

unable to sustain / resist

ətəkə

zhishuang

straightforward, frank, honest

ətəpe

qian

to pincer

eti

yi tiao (yu)

CL (fish)

ətitʰɑ

dang

to ward off

ətitə

qiao men

to knock at the door

ətʂ

anzhao, genju

according to

ətʂʰæ

jinqin

close relatives

ətʂʰɑ

jinlai, zuijin

recently, nowdays

etʂʰə

yi bai

a hundred

ətsə

ci

to prick

ətsə

qiu

to beg, to ask, to request

ətsʰe

mi

to be fascinated, to be addicted to

ətʂe

han

to hold in the mouth

ətʂʰe

zai ~ zhouwei

around

etʂʰə næ æ

yi bai ling yi

hundred and one

etʂʰə təpi

cheng bai

hundreds

ətʂəkuɑ

jizhu

to make an effort to remember

ətʂəkuɑ

da jihao

to mark / to make a sign

ətʂkuɑ

da jihao

to mark / make a sign

ətsʰu̥

wei

to roast in hot ashes

ətʂu

(feng) ting

the wind stops

ətʂu

jie guo

to bear fruit, to grow fruit

ətʂu

liu

to keep, stay, remain

ətʂu

women

'we' PRO first inclusive plural

ətʂu kuetʂə hæty mosə ʨe

women you shi duo ge pengyou

simple declarative sentence with the possessive verb (eg. we have ten odd friends)

ətʂu mɑtʂɑ tʰe

women zai chifan

we are having meal

ətʂu nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

women shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when are we leaving?)

ətʂu ʐə

liutang

to be kept behind in school as punishment

ətʂʰuəi

che (shengzi)

to pull at (a string)

ətʂus

women de

ours (incl.)

ətu

xiuxi

to rest, take rest, to repose

ətu ɦozu ʂɑ

- xiaqu (women zuo xiaqu)

continuation, "let's continue working"

etue

yi shuang (xie)

CL (shoes)

ətue

kanjian

to see

əty

jian

to meet with

əty

liuxia, shnegxia

leave

ətʰy

jie bing, dong

to freeze

əty kɑ

touming

transparent

əty mɑkɑ

kanbuqi

to look down upon

əty mɑkɑ

miaoshi, kanbuqi

scorn, make a fool of, look down

əty mohunn

xihan

to value, to regard as rare

əty mohunn

xihan, xiqi

rare, novel, curious

ətyæ

kanchu (lai)

to see through

ətyuɑ

faxian, zhaozhao

to find

əwə

huan yuan

to fulfill a vow

əχ

shoukou

(wound) to heal

əχə

zhihao

to recover, to heal

əχəi

bing hao

to get well

əxue

kao

to roast

əʑi

qing an

to pay respects to

əʑi

wanan

good night

əʐu

ji, shuan

to connect, to fasten

eʑy

renshou

to endure

əzy

jiezhu

to intercept, to stop

əʑylu

dengdeng

etc.

əʨæ

wozhu

to hold firmly

eʨi

shouhui

to accept a bribe

əȵi

jin

dip, soak

əʨi

zhuo

to catch

əʨi

fu

to support, to prop up

əʨi

toujiang

to surrender

əʨi

daibu

to seize and arrest

əʨi - tekue

qichu, kaishi

beginning

əʨiəʐu

jieba

person who stutters

əʨis

fushou

railing

əʨiʨ

bing

handle

əʴmu

zuo meng

to dream

əʴmu ku

mengyan

nightmare

əʴmu nə

xiang meng

to explain a dream

əʴmu tʂʰə tʂʰə

mengyou

to sleepwalk

əʴmu ʐətɑ

shuo menghua

to talk in sleep

əʴtɑ

shuo

to say

əʴtʂu

qianjiu

to make a compromise

eʨy

tingzhi, tingzhu

to stop

əʨy

dusai (kulong)

to stop up (a hole)

əʨy

ting ye

to close (business)

əʨy

xiguan

to be accustomed to

əʨy

jinzhi

to prohibit, to forbid

əʨy

tingzhi, tingzhu

to stop

əʨʰy

(ba xiaohai) guan qilai

to shut up (someone)

əʨʰy

juliu

to detain

əʨʰy

zuolao

to be imprisoned

əʨypæ

yi ban

half

əʨypæ mɑs

da ban

greater half

əʨypæ mele

xiao ban

smaller half

əȵytin mele

yangyang deyi

self-satisfied

əʨyʐ

chong

to favor to excess

ɸɑ

fangfa

manner, process, method, way

ɸɑ tʂuɑ

banfa, sheji

device

ɸɑtɑ

fada

to advance, develop (business, wealth, etc.)

ɸəitsɑu

feizao

soap

ɸən

fen

minute

ɸənpi

fenbi

chalk

ɸu

weir, xiangwei,qiwei

smell, scent, odor

ɸuɸu

xiang

fragrant

ɸuɸu

xiangwei

fragrance, sweet smell, scent

gəʴgəʴ

shou ling

to watch the coffin containing the corpse

gipɑ təse

zhang xuan

to have ringworm

go

e

goose

gu

jiu

nine

gui

zhongjian, jian

middle, space

guq

jiuyue

September

guq guty

chongyangjie

9th day of the 9th moon

gus

fushi

clothing

gus

yifu

garments

gus

yifu

clothes, clothing

gus ɑʁuɑ

(yifu) suo

(clothes) to shrink

gus ɦəʴʁue

gua (yifu)

to hang (clothes)

gus hĩ təwe ʨijy æntʂə tsɑ je

you jige chuan hong yifu de xiaohai zai zher

relative clause sentence (eg. there are several children here who wear red clothes)

gus hĩ wem ʨijy qɑ wolu ŋu

chuan hong yifu de xiaohai shi wo meimei

relative clause sentence (eg. the child who wears a red dress is my sister)

gus kuty

zuo yifu

to make clothes

gus lɑm

gengfu

watchman

gus meue

bu chuan yifu, chi tiaotiao

to be naked

gus tæ ɦunn tʂɑ

yifu zai nar?

where is the clothing?

gus təlɑ

huan yifu

to change clothes

gus χulɑ

xi yifu

to wash (clothes)

gusuɑ

jiushi

ninety

hædy

shi

ten

hædy mos

shiduo ge, shilai ge

ten odd

hɑgw

shijiu

nineteen

ɦɑkɑtɑ

gai

lid

ɦɑkɑtʂʰə

fen, fenkai

to divide

ɦake

chen

to sink

ɦæke

dun

to squat

ɦɑkətɑ

gai wuding

to roof

hɑkəʴ

chujia

to become a Buddhist priest or nun

hɑkəʴ

chu

to exit, to come out

ɦɑkəʴ

xialiu

lower course of a river

ɦɑkʰəʴ

pikai, polie, nongsui

to crack, to smash

hɑkəʴm

chujiaren

Buddhist priest or nun

hæki

chukou

exit, way out

ɦæki

yiding

certainly

ɦɑki

dei, bixu

to have to

ɦæki ətə

pushai

to sun

ɦæki ɦeʂe

puzhao

to shine

ɦɑki ŋu

jiushi~ye

though, although

hæku

yikao

back of a chair

hɑkuɑ

guan men

to close

ɦɑkuəʴ

tian

to fill

ɦɑkuəʴ

taxia

to collapse

ɦælæʂue

(feng) juan

(wind) to whirl

halu

fasheng

happen, occur, take place

hɑlu

chu(xian)

to appear

hɑlu

fasheng

to happen, to arise

hɑlu

qiyuan

origin

hɑlu

chuxian

apparaitre

ɦæmɑlɑ

sheng

raw

ɦæmele

weixiao

tiny

ɦɑmupu

ai

short (of height)

hɑn

shier

twelve

hɑn qe

layue, shieryue

12th lunar month, December

ɦɑnɑ

jianghe

truce

ɦɑnɑ

heshi

to suit, to fit

ɦɑnɑ

shiyi

fit, suit, be suitable

hɑnɑ æbɑ

hanji

rainy season

hænn

tong

copper

hænn

lyu

green

hænn zə

caodi

grassland, meadow, lawn

hænnk

maocao

thatch rushes

hænnk

cao

grass

hɑŋw

shiwu

15th day of the lunar month

hɑŋw

shiwu

fifteen

ɦæpæ

guopi

peel

ɦæpæ

pi, maopi

fur

ɦæpæ

pi, pifu

skin

ɦæpæ

(huashengmi) pi

(shell of nut becomes) soft

ɦɑpɑ

maochong

to assume falsely

ɦɑpʰɑ

rennai

endure

ɦæpæ kæʴ

bo pi

to peel

ɦæpæ suete

xiao pi

to peel with a peeler

ɦɑpɑlɑ

hun

become muddy

ɦɑpʰɑpʰɑ

san

scatter

ɦɑpʰɑpʰɑ

luan

(things) disorderly

ɦɑpɑse

xian, yanwu

to dislike, to reject

ɦɑpɑʂe

zhua yang, sao yang, nao yang

to scratch

ɦæpi le

lao, bu nianqing

old of age

ɦɑpʰʂɑ

(yifu) po

(clothes) torn

ɦɑpʰusɑ

si (zhi)

to rip, to tear

hɑquɑ

shuan men

to bolt (a door)

hɑquɑ

guan deng

to turn off the light

ɦɑʁɑ

zanshi, zanqie

temporarily

hɑʁlɑti

qi bolang

the waves rise

ɦɑʁuɑ

man

slow

hɑʁue

hui

to return, to come back

hɑʁwu

fan

turn over (the wrong side), reversed

hɑʂ

liu dan

to leave hair hanging down over the forehead

ɦɑʂɑku

zhong, zuihou

end, lastly, finally

ɦæʂə ɦolu

xiajian

low, vile, mean

hɑst

shiqi

seventeen

ɦæste

sui

marrow

ɦɑsuɑ

jiebai

to swear brotherhood or sisterhood, to pledge in a sworn brotherhood

ɦɑtɑ

chuan (mifang)

to hand down

ɦɑtɑty

dai

bring, take

hɑte

reng (qiu)

to throw

ɦætə

menre

sultry, hot and close

ɦætə

men

stuffy

hætʰi

nachu

to issue

hɑtʰoutʰɑ

dou (chulai)

to shake out

hɑtʰoutʰɑ

doukai

to shake open, to spread by shaking

hɑtsʰ

fandui

opposition

hɑtʂʰ

shisi

fourteen

hætsæ

banjia

to move

ɦɑtʂɑ

wan, chi

late

ɦɑtʂɑ

chi, wu

lag, delay

ɦɑtʂʰɑ

rou (zhong)

to rub, to massage

ɦɑtʂɑ mɑtʂɑ

mizhe yan

to half-close the eye

hɑtʂɑ ʑi

yangzhe shui

to sleep with back down

ɦatsɑkɑ

hunhe

mingle, get mixed

hɑtʂe

cai, qu

to adopt

hɑtʂə

shiba

eighteen

hɑtʂʰe

chou (qian)

to draw out (lots)

ɦɑtʂʰe

an

to press down

ɦɑtʂəkɑ

jiao

scorched

ɦɑtʂəkəi

lao le

to get old

hɑtʂəŋu

fanmian

reverse

hɑtʂu

la men

to slide (a door, drawer)

ɦɑtʂuɑ

xi xiedai

to tie (shoelace)

ɦɑtsukuɑ

(cai) lan

(vegetables) spoiled

ɦatʂutʂɑ

nian, ning

twist, twirl

ɦatʂutʂɑ

ning

wring, squeeze

ɦɑtʂutʂɑ

ning

to twist, to sprain

ɦɑtʂʰutʂʰɑ

ning (shi shoujin)

to wring (a wet towel)

hɑtʂw

shiliu

sixteen

hæty

biti

nasal mucus, snivel

hæty jikue

bigou

hard secretion from the nose

hæty səlu

liu biti

to have a running nose

hæty səʂu

xing biti

to blow the nose

hæty təʂukue

xibiti

to blow in the mucus of the nose

hætyq

shiyue

October

ɦɑue

xu, mang

whiskers, hair, awn

hɑuɤʴ

tuixue

to give up attendance at school

hɑwapu

denggao

to ascend height

ɦɑwu

sheng fan

to help (oneself) to rice, to serve rice in bowls

hɑχɑ

pianpianr

perversely, wilfully, would of all things

ɦɑχəʴχəʴ

ni (yan)

get tired of, be fed up

ɦɑχulɑ

xijing

clean, purify

ɦɑzdɑ

mingling

to give command, to bid, to order

ɦɑʨi

jiejie

elder sister

ɦæʨue

qiang

to rob

heɕi

jia

to take a husband

heɕi

songbin

to attend a funeral procession

heɕi

huxi

to breathe

heɕi

shisan

thirteen

heɕi χuəʴ

chuan qi

to pant

ɦedʐe

(wenzi) ding

(mosquito) to bite

heiy

da

to answer

heje

gaosu

to inform, to announce

heji

chuan, gaosu

convey, transmit, inform

ɦəjy le

keng

hole in the ground, pit

həkə

gancao

straw

ɦəkəl

maizang

to inter, to bury

ɦəkəte

mai

to bury

ɦəkəʨi

zhanweizi

taking up space, bulky

heki

(jiao ta) gun

to scram

heki

chuqu

go out, depart

ɦeki

xia

to descend, to go down

ɦəki

jiang ji

to get demoted

hekue

chubin

to hold a funeral procession

ɦel

jian

to subtract

ɦele

qian, xiang

put, insert

ɦəle

shang

to reward

ɦələ

fenpei

to distribute

ɦeləu

zhifu, jiaoqian

pay

ɦələu

fushang

to attach

ɦələw

huanben

to balance sale with capital

ɦələw

huan (qian)

to return (money)

ɦeli

gei

to give to

ɦəli

gei

pass over

ɦəli

jiao

hand over

ɦəli

song

deliver

ɦəme

shou

get ripe, to ripen

heməje

bu zuo sheng

to be silent

ɦemi pi

liaocao

disorderly (handwriting)

ɦəʁzə

zhenghao

exactly

ɦəʁzə

qiaqiao

just right, in the nick of time

həsuɑ

nian, ershi

twenty

ɦəsue zə

bizhe zui jiao

to chew with the mouth closed

ɦesutu

tingcong, gensui

obey, follow

hətʰ təiy

ti guangtou

to shave the head bald

həte

ba

to pull out, to pull off

ɦete

diao, xian

hold a thing in one's mouth

ɦetə

chui

to hammer

ɦetə

xiuxi

rest

ɦetʰe

tuanjie

to unite

ɦətʰe

laiwang

intercourse, connection

ɦətʰe

qinmi

familiar, intimate

ɦetə wəi

dazhong

hit

ɦeti

zhan

to cut in two

ɦəti

jie shui

to stop the flow of water

ɦetintʰɑ

ding

to nail

ɦətsæ ȵi

anzhao

by

ɦetse

shuizha

water gate

ɦetse

lan

to fence in

ɦətʂe

yao

to bite

ɦətʂə

rongjie, ronghua

to melt

ɦətʂə

zai

to butcher

ɦətʂə

shasi

to kill

ɦətʂui

liu ji

to stay in the same class without promotion

ɦetuɑ

shu

to lose

ɦety

(shui) qing

(water) clear

ɦəty

peiqian

to lose money in business

ɦəty

dabai

to be defeated

ɦəty

leng (dongxi)

cold

ɦəuesæ

pen

to spurt

hewæʴ

jieshao

to introduce

hewe

gan (chuqu)

to chase away, to drive

hewe

baoda

to requite

hewe

baochou

to avenge a grievance

hewe

tuique

to decline

ɦəwe

diao

hang down

ɦəwəʴ

diao xialai

to drop

ɦəχe

gaishang

to cover from head down

ɦəʐɑ

zui, hezui

drunk, be drunken

ɦəʐə

tian han

drought

hezəy

chusheng

to be born

ɦəʑi

tangxia

to lie down

hezu̥

chushen

origin

hezue

fa ya

to sprout (as from seed)

hezue

shengri

birthday

hezue ty

zuo shengri

to celebrate birthday

həʴ ɑlɑ

chaoguo

go beyond

heʨi

shiyi

eleven

ɦeʨi

sheng (zi)

to give birth, to bear

ɦeʨi ɑʂɑ

shengsi

life cycle

ɦəȵipu

xi

west

heʨiq

dongjie

winter solstice

heʨiq

shiyiyue

November

ɦəʴke

gutou

bone

ɦəʴkə

jiao

horn

ɦəʴkə

xia

blind

ɦəʴkəʴ

nonghuai, huihuai

to break, to destroy

ɦəʴkəʴ

nongpo

to break, to tear

ɦəʴkʰəʴ

dasui, nongsui, posui

crush, shatter to pieces

ɦəʴkʰəʴ

nonghuai, nongsui, yasui

crush

ɦəʴkʰəʴ

huihuai, zaota

devastate, put in desorder

ɦəʴkəʴ tʂʰele

shun gutou

to suck at bones

ɦəʴpʰəʴ

linshi

get wet

hĩ

hong

red

ɦĩ

er

two

ɦĩ

er hao

the second day of a month

ɦĩ ʨy

shuangbaotai

twin

ɦĩq

eryue

February

ɦĩq məi ɦɑmulu ɕi kəʴ ɑʂɑ rəjy

yinwei liang ge yue mei xia yu, dao dou si le

sentence with cause clause (eg. because it had not rained for two months, the rice plants all died)

hĩte

xiu

smell

ɦoluʐə

ji chulai

to squeeze out

ɦoʁu

piping

to criticize

ɦotsʰu

jugong

to bow

ɦotʂuj

xia huo

to load goods

hotʂutʰe

tao

to pull out, to take out (from pocket)

ɦoty

xiuli

to repair, to mend

ɦoty

zhengli

to put in order, to arrange

ɦowety

xiangdao, lihuidao

to notice

ɦozu

ruzuo

to seat at a dinner table

ɦozu

qingzuo

"please have a seat"

ɦozu

zuo

to sit

ɦozu təu

zuo qilai

to sit up

ɦozuj

zuoxia

to sit down

ɦoȵyti mele

jiaoao

proud

ɦoȵyti mele

aoman

haughty

hunn

mao

fur, wool

hunn

laohu

tiger

hunn

yumao

feather

ɦunn

mao, hanmao

body hair

ɦunn

cunxian

copula, existential

ɦunn

you

existential verb, to have

ɦunn

you

possess

hunn bəl

maochong

caterpillar

hunn lɑ

(niao) diao mao

to moult

hunn te

ba mao

to remove feathers

jæ

baba (duicheng)

father (address term)

jæ

fuqin (zhicheng)

father (quoting term)

jæ

gonggong (duicheng)

husband's father (address term)

jæ

gonggong (zhicheng)

husband's father (quoting term)

jæ

shi, jiao

to cause, let s.o.

jæ

gong

male

jæ mæ næ tʂə ʨi

fumu he zinyu

parents and children

jæmæ

fumu

parents

jæntʰɑ

yan

to salt

ɟɑp

fazi

method, way

jɑpu we

(yifu) you podong

(clothes) with holes

jɑʂuɑ

shua ya

to brush teeth

jɑt

yadan

duck's egg

jæte

wanfan

supper, dinner

jɑts

yazi

duck

je

zhu

to dwell, to live

je

qianzi

lot for divination

je

zhongdeng

of medium quality

je

zai

to be at a place, to exist

je

zai, daizai

to stay

je

zai

at (eg.

je

jiari

holiday

je

zhu

lodge in, spend night

je tʂə

zhuzhai

residence

jənnkə

yandou

tobacco pipe

jəŋχu

chaihuo

fuel

jəʁu

huochai

matches

jeuu

yeshou

wild animal, wild beast

jəʴ

xian

thread

jəʴʁuəʴ lɑ

rao xian

to wind thread

ji

zhi bi

to hold the brush/ pen

ji

zhuan

gain, earn

jidəl

shouwen

lines of the palm

jijem

caifeng

tailor

jiji

yiliao, fengyi

fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning, etc.

jiji

feng

to sew

jiji

fengren

sewing

jik ʐəte

dubo

to gamble

jikue

ke

be thirsty

jikue

gan

dry

jikue

chou (xifan)

(liquid) thick

jin

ye

also

jinɑ

(ren) shufu

(person) comfortable, easy

jipɑ

zhao, zhuazi

claw

jipɑ

shou

hand

jipɑ æʨʰæ

yi zhi shou

single-handed

jipɑ etue

shuangshou

with both hands

jipɑ hɑtʂʰu

ju shou

to raise the hand

jipɑ jɑpo

jiazhiwo, gezhiwo

armpit

jipɑ jite

hui shou

to wave the hand

jipɑ jite

bai shou

to wave the hand (in dissent)

jipɑ jite

zhao shou

to beckon with the hand

jipɑ kʰueȵi

shoubei

back of the hand

jipɑ kuk

shouzhang

palm

jipɑ kukʰue

shouxin shoubei

to divide into teams by putting out the palm or the back of the hand

jipɑ pitʰɑ

zuo shoushi

to make a hand sign

jipɑ sətʂʰu

shen shou

to stretch out the hand

jipɑ tæi

song shou

to let loose of the hand

jipɑ zæte

pai shou

to clap the hands

jipɑ zətʂuɑ

wo shou

to shake hands

jipɑ ʐukuɑ

shoujiao

limb

jipe

shaichang (shaiguzi yong)

drying yard

jipəß

shai, shaigan

to sun (clothes), to dry

jisu

shouzhitou

finger

jisu dək

zhijian

finger tips

jisu sɑk

shoujie

knuckles

jisu ʂkɑ

shoufeng

spaces between fingers

jisu tʂʰɑʁ

zhijia

fingernail

jisuq

zhi

to point

jisuq kʰelæ

zhe zhitou guanjie

to crack the knuckles

jisuq suɑ

shu shouzhitou

to count with the fingers

jite

yaowei

to wag the tail

jite

yao

to shake

jite

yao (qian)

to shake (divination tallies)

jite

huang, bu wen

unsteady

jite

yao

to sway

jiti

yifu

mother's sister's husband

jits

chou

2nd earthly branch

jiwɑ

liang pang, liang bian

both sides

jiȵæ

yimu (yihun)

mother's sister (married)

jiȵæ

yimu (weihun)

mother's sister (unmarried)

joməʴ

zhouwen

wrinkle

jts

yizi

chair

jue

lu

road, way

juekəʴ

lukou

entrance to a road/street

juemi

henji

trace

jueʂkue

yuanqin

distant relatives

jueʂkue

shu

distant (in relationship)

juetɑ nəje

guoluren

traveller

juetɑty

xiangdao

guide, show, usher in

juetʂʰe

gan lu

to hasten on

juetʂʰə

zhu lu

to build a road

jy

you

10th earthly branch

jy jæ

gongji

cock

jy je

gongji

cook

jy kʰæʴ

jiguan

cockscomb

jy mæ

muji

hen

jy mɑzə ji

ji buchile

setence with unmodified definite subject (eg. this chicken does not eat any more)

jy tsetse

xiaoniaor

chicken

jy ʨy

xiaojir

chick

jyga

zhuomuniao

woodpecker

jyie

jiwo

basket for fowls

jykʰəʴ

gouzi

hook

jykʰu

maotouying

owl

jyle

chucao

to weed

jyle

wa (yong shou)

to dig (with hands)

jyməʴ

yumi, yushushu

Indian corn, maize

jyn

langan

railing

jyn

jin

near

jyʂpɑ

jiluanzi

testicle

jyt

dan

egg

jyt

jidan

egg

jyt ɦəle

fu luan, bao xiaoji

to hatch

jyt ɦətʂʰə

xia dan

to lay eggs

jyt kʰuəʴ

da jidan

to crack an egg

jytʂu

yeji

pheasant

jyχuɑ

shu

sparse

jyχuəʴ

yuan

far, distant

jyʨʰɑ

niao

bird

jyʨʰɑ

maque

sparrow

jyʨʰɑje

niaowo

bird's nest

jyʨẽɑ

nan shengzhiqi (eryu)

male organ (baby term)

kɑ

guanxi

relationship

kɑ

xiaoshun

filial

kɑ

neng, hui, keyi

can, be possible

kɑ

nengli

ability

kɑ

lihai

cruel, miserable, severe

kʰɑ

ku

bitter

kɑ ʐə

fannao

vexed

kɑji

gou

be sufficient, be enough

kʰækʰæ

xiaoxin

to be careful about

kʰækʰæ

xiaoxin

to take care

kʰækʰue

qianxu, shenzhong

modest, be prudent, keep from

kʰɑlu

qiang

wall, fence

kʰɑlu ku

bi (limian de)

inner wall

kʰɑlu kutsæ

pa qiang

to climb a wall

kʰɑlu xəle

qi qiang

to pile up a wall

kæmɑ tutʂe

gu shihou

ancient times

kɑp lə

da ge

to burp

kæpi

yixie

some (number)

kʰɑʂɑ

xingqi

to beg

kʰɑʂɑm

qigai

beggar

katʂʰ

jie lu

to form dew

kætsi

ganjing

clean

kɑʴ ɦopæ

toupi

dandruff

kɑȵi

nenggan

capable

ke

teng (xiaohai)

to love (a child)

ke

aifu

caress

kə

toufa

hair

kəi

shengyin

voice

kəi

yin

sound

kəi

shengyin

sound, noise

kəi tse

xiao sheng

soft voice

kəimele

sangzi ya

to be hoarse

kəje

hou

to roar (as lion)

kəje

(muji xia dan hou) hujiao

hen's cry after laying eggs

kəje

jiao

to call

kəje

douzui

to squabble

kəkem

jiaofu

porter

kʰəl tsu

lunliu

in turn

kʰəlɑ

hua

smooth

kʰəlɑ

hua

slippery

kənpu

zhuren

master (of servant)

kəpɑ

toufa xuanr

crown of the head

kəpɑ

congming

clever, smart

kəpɑ

jiling

quick, smart

kəpɑ

jingming

smart but conceited

kəpɑ

lingli

(children) smart and quick

kəpɑ æj

danfaxuanr

single crown of the head

kəpɑ ɦĩ

shuangfaxuanr

double crown of the head

kəpɑȵi

zanmei, chengzan

to praise

kəpəʴ

jian

callous

kəpəʴ təs

qi houjian

to grow callous skin

kəpəʴ ʐə

toutong

headache

kəpu

zhuren

host

kəpu

genr

root

kəs

yangzi

shape, appearance

kəs

xiang

to resemble

kəs

haoxiang, sihu

seemingly, seems to

kəs

geng, erqie

further

kəʂ

tianhuaban

ceiling

kes we

haoxiang ~ (shide)

as if

kəs we

xiangsi

resemble, like

kəʂə

sai (pingzi)

to cork

ketɑ

niukou

button

kətʰɑ

tutou

bald-headed, bouldness

kətʰɑ

tuzi

bald-headed person

ketɑ ətsu

kou kouzi

to button

ketɑ ɦɑkʰuɑle

jie kouzi

to unbutton

kəte

bianda

to flog

kətʰə

ti tou

to shave the head

kʰətə

yanhui

feast, banquet

kəte tʂʰə

yidianr

a little, some (quantity)

kətʰəm

lifashi

barber

kʰəti

louxia

ground floor

kʰəti

xiamian

below

kʰəti

di

bottom

kʰəti mæ

xiangxiaren

countryfolk

kətʂʰetʂə

shu tou

to comb the hair

kətu

cheng, zhen

town

kətu əkɑ

jin cheng

to go into town

kətu kʰɑlu

chengqiang

city wall

kətu ku

chengli

within town

kətu ʐu

chengmen

city gate

keuəʴ

niupan

loops for button

kəʐə

hao

to howl (as wolf)

kəʐə

baodong

riot

kəʐə

chao, nao

noisy

kəʴ

gaoliang

sorghum

kəʴ

juede

to feel

kəʴ

qianmian, qianbian

front

kəʴ

shang (ge libai)

previous

kəʴ

xian

first

kəʴ

yuxian

beforehand

kəʴ

congqian

formerly

kəʴ

yiqian (wo lai yiqian)

before (eg. before I came)

kəʴ

guoqu

past, in the past, formerly

kʰəʴ

dami

hulled rice

kʰəʴ

cu

rough(eg. ), coarse

kəʴ ɑs

qian yi tian

previous day

kəʴ ɕi ȵiwu

conglai bu

so far never

kəʴ e

toutai

first born

kəʴ əlɑ

zhuiguo

to take over

kəʴ hɑŋ

huan jia

to make an offer

kəʴ je ʨiʨy

qianrenzi

child of husband's former marriage

kəʴ kuetʂə

laopengyou

intimate friend

kʰəʴ mɑtʂɑ

mifan

cooked rice

kəʴ miʂ

zaowan, chizao

sooner of later

kʰəʴ pu

mai mi, di mi

to buy rice

kʰəʴ ʂe

tao mi

to wash rice

kəʴ tənpu

wangnian

(in) former years

kəʴ teq

shang ge yue

last month

kəʴ tətʂʰə

wang qian jin

to advance

kəʴ təʴ sə

qian xie rizi

the other day

kəʴ tum χsits je

congqian you san xiongdi

existential sentence (eg. once there were three brothers)

kʰəʴ tʰuʂɑ

xifan, zhou

rice gruel, congee

kʰəʴ χuɑ

mai mi, tiao mi

to sell rice

kəȵɑ ʂə

naojiang, naozi

brain

kəʴkəʴ

gudai

ancient times

kəʴki

yizhi

all the time

kəʴpəʴmele

chidun

slow and dull

kəʴpi

ganqing

sentiments

kəʴpi

ganqing

feelings

kʰəʴpu

guancai

coffin

kʰəʴpu kikem

tai guancai de

coffin bearer

kəʴtʰəʂ

qianshi

previous life

kəʴti

tou yi ge, di yi (ge)

the first one

kəʴtʂə

gushi

tale, story, narrative

kəʴtʂə mɑlu

jiang gushi

to tell a story

kəʴtu mæ

chengliren

townpeople

kəʴtu təkəʴ

guo jie

to cross the street

kəʴtu tʂʰətʂʰə

shang jie

to go on the street

keʨy

guer

orphan

kəʴʨʰɑ

yao jia

to make a quotation

ki

qu

to go

ki

duome (hao!)

how (good !) -degree-

ki

guang

merely

ki

jin

scarcely, barely

ki

jiu

right away

ki

zongshi, lao

always

ki kuty

zheme (zuo)

in this way

ki ʐesɑ

zheme (hao)

this much

ki æpæ

yihuir

a little while

ki hɑŋu

zhi

only

ki mæje

zuihuai

worst

ki ŋu

zhen (de)

really, truely

ki tytue

zhouma

to curse

ki ʐəsɑ

zuihao

best

ki ȵiɦunn

kebushi

indeed, I see!

kike

tai

to raise

kiki ʂe

duo piaoliang ya!

exclamatory sentence (eg. how pretty!)

kin

jiawu

housework

kin

jia

home

kinkəʴ

laojia

native village

kintɑ

jiali

home

kipəʴ

tou

head

kipəʴ hɑtʂ

hui tou

to turn the head

kipəʴ ɦəɕi

di tou

to droop the head

kipəʴ jite

yao tou

to shake the head

kipəʴ mutu

touding

top of the head

kipəʴ se ətitʰɑ

ding zai toushang

to carry on the head

kipəʴ ʂəŋu

niu tou

to turn around (the head)

kipəʴ ʂəuj

tou yun

to feel dizzy

kipəʴ tikɑ

tai tou

to raise the head

kipəʴ tuɑli

dian tou

to nod

kipəʴ χulɑ

xi tou

to shampoo the hair

kipəʴ ʐə

toutong

to have headache

kiʂe

caihong

rainbow

kite kuty ȵyŋu - ki kuty ŋu

bu shi name zuo, shi zheme zuo.

contrastive sentence (eg. it is not to be done that way, it is to be done this way)

kitenu

fengsu

customs

kiti

yongyuan, yongjiu

forever

kiti

genben

fundamentally

kitʰi

jixu

to continue

kitʰi

jixu

to continue

kiti ŋu

benlai

originally

kʰnȵi

biaomian

surface

koɦunn

lian

face

koɦunn

sai, liandan

cheek

koɦunn soute

diulian

face lost, disgraced

koɦunn χulɑ

xilian

to wash face

koko

jiao, jiaoluo

corner, angle

kouʨiɑ

guojia, zhengzhi

nation and government

ku

jinzi

gold

ku

gang

steel

ku

zhentou

pillow

ku

liqi, liliang

strength, force, power, might

ku

tou

to steal

ku

zhu

to boil

kʰu

lang

wolf

kʰu

zhe

to sting

kʰu

xu

11th earthly branch

kʰu jæ

(gong) gou

dog

kʰu mæ

mugou

bitch

ku mele

shuairuo

weak

ku meʨʰi

buzaiyi

calm

ku næ tsə

qinqi

relatives, kindred

ku næ tsə ɦɑsɑ

qingjia

married relationships

ku stʰe əsə

shijing fangxia, dun

to put down rudely

kuɑ

pa

fear, to be afraid of

kuɑ

haipa

be afraid, be scared, fear

kuɑ

danxin

to be worried

kʰuɑlɑ

jie (xingli)

to unpack (luggage)

kuɑtʰɑ

gua

to scrape

kuatu

zhazi

stockade, pailing

kuæʴ

chutou

hoe

kuæʴ

chu

to hoe

kuɕy

shuzi

comb

kuɕy

tidao

razor

kue

ban(yun)

to transport, to carry

kue

xiaotou

thief

kueti

gai (bei)

to cover with

kuetʰi

ruzi

mattress

kuetʰi

beizi

covering

kuetʰi

pugai

quilt

kuetʂə

pengyou

friend

kuety

dai

put on, cover

kʰueze

chong

to pound, to ram

kʰueȵi

waimian, waibian

outside, out, exterior

kuəʴkuəʴ

toutoude

slyly

kuəʴkuəʴ ʐətɑ

eryu

to whisper

kuəʴtʂə

huoji

assistant in a shop, waiter

kuəʴtʂə ʐəte

jiao pengyou

to make friends

kuiʨy

guiju

rules of conduct

kuje

gufu

father's sister's husband

kʰuje

gouwo

kennel

kuk

qiangpo

to compel, to force

kuku

jiaoluo (wuzi de)

corner

kuku

da zhang

to war, to fight

kʰukʰu

qiao

nutshell

kʰukʰu kæʴ

bo qiao

to shell

kukuɑ

zhanshi

war

kukuty

chuzi

cook

kule

qiangzhuang

strong

kule pu

nan

south

kulu

(zhu) fan ni

to root

kulu

jiaohua

cunning

kulu

jianzha

deceitful, fraudulent

kupæ

dou (yifu)

to carry in a shirt tail

kupɑ

guoba

burnt rice that adheres to sides of pot

kupə

pashou

pickpocket

kupʰo

gumu (yihun)

father's sister (married)

kupʰo

gumu (weihun)

father's sister (unmarried)

kuʂ

shucai

vegetables

kuʂ

shucai

vegetables

kuʂ

cai (caiyao)

subsidiary, article of diet

kuʂ ɦoje

jiao cai

to order food in a restaurant

kuʂ pu

mai cai

to buy vegetables or groceries

kuʂ ʂeʁu

jian cai

to sort out vegetables

kuʂ təsə

shang cai

to start serving a banquet

kuʂ tsʰuɑ

caiyuan

vegetable garden

kusɑ

gongfu

time

kusu we

kepa

terrible

kʰusu we

kewu

detestable

kʰusu we

taoyan

dislike, abominable

kusy

xionge

fierce

kusy

hen

very

kusy

ting

rather, pretty

kusy

shifen

quite, sufficient

kusy

xiangdang

considerably, fairly, pretty

kusy

feichang

unusually

kusy

fenwai

extraordinarily

kusy

… jile

to the extreme

kusy

feichang

very, greatly, extremely

kusy we

anquan

safe, sure, secure

kutæ

limian, libian

inside, inward, interior

kutɑ

limian, libian

inside

kutɑ

limian, libian

interior

kute

ge

to cut with sideward motion

kʰute

tan

to pluck with the fingers

kutʂ eχe

jiacai

to pick up with chopsticks

kutʂ kepu

quantou

fist

kutʂə

guzhi

stubborn

kuty

niang jiu

to brew wine

kuty

bianzi

pigtail

kuty

zuo

to make

kuty qæpæ

bianbianzi

to plait the hair

kuwɑ

wei(le), youyu

for, sake, owing, in order to

kuzæ

pa (shu)

to climb (a tree)

kuʐə

hui

ash

kʰuʨʰɑ

yanzi

swallow

kʰuȵi

yewai

field, open country

kʰuȵi

waimian, waibian

outside

kʰuȵi ʐətæ

chumen, lyuxing

to travel

kʰuȵy mæ

waishengren

person from another province

kʰuȵypu mæ

wairen

outsider

kʴəʴ tsæɦunn xsisyt zə

zhexie mi you sanshi jin zhong

sentence with measure expression (eg. these rice weigh up to thirty catties)

læ

hou

thick

lɑ

lazhu

candle

lɑ

huan (dongxi)

to exchange, to replace

lɑ

kuan

broad, wide

lɑɕy

lajiao

pepper

lɑitsə

zhang mafeng

to have leprosy

lɑki

dang

to pawn

lɑkuɕi

da heqian

to yawn

læmæ

qingtai

moss

lænkutʂɑ tsʰu

fan jindou

to play somersaults

lɑpɑ

hua

flower

lɑpɑ

huar

picture, drawing, painting

lɑpɑ

hua (yifu)

colorful

lɑpɑ kubæ

huabao

bud

lɑpɑ kʰulu

luo hua

flowers falling

lɑpɑ ʁetɑ

huaniu

frog button

lɑpɑ tɑpɑ

kai hua

to bloom

lɑpɑ tɑpɑ

(daozi) kaihua

(rice) to bloom

lɑpɑ tsʰɑ

diaohua

to carve figures/pictures

læʁuɑ

wan

crooked

lɑte

fei

to fly

lɑuʂə

laoshi

trustworthy, honest

lɑwəi

xiexie (zuo de shi)

to thank for an act of kindness

le

han

sweat, perspiration

lə

shanshu

fir

lə

li

plow

lə

wuji

ridge of the roof

lə

geng

to cultivate

lə hakəʴ

zhengfa

evaporate

lə ɦepʰe

da fangji

to lay the foundation

le ɦetʰi

liu han

to sweat

le kutym

ban sangshi de ren

undertaker

ləi ɦəje təmepi

xiecuo zi

to write the wrong characters

ləi je

xie zi

to write

ləi təskɑ

shi zi

literate

ləi təsmkɑ

bu shi zi

illiterate

ləɤʐ

shu

book

ləɤʐ

zhi

paper

ləɤʐ

caozhi

toilet paper

ləɤʐ

zi, wenzi

letter, character

ləɤʐ ɕy

jiao shu

to teach, to instruct

ləɤʐ ɕyki

shangxue

to go to school

ləɤʐ kɑʁʰɑi

fan shu

to turn the page

ləɤʐ sɑ

kan baozhi

to read newspaper

ləɤʐ sə

kan shu

to read a book

ləɤʐ tæ ɦunn tʂɑ

shu zai nar ya?

question-word question (eg. where is the book?)

ləɤʐ tə

nian shu, yonggong

to study

ləɤʐ tʂəkuɑ

wen shu

to review lessons

ləɤʐ tsepəȵ səs ŋu tʂɑ

zhe ben shu shi shei de?

noun phrase-predicate sentence (eg. whose book is this?)

ləɤʐ wɤʴty

mo shu

to write from memory

ləɤʐ zəʂuəʴ

heshang shu

to close a book

ləɤʐ ʐətɑ

bei shu

to recite lessons from memory

ləpe

shitou

stone

ləpe

yanshi

rock

ləpe pɑʴ

dashitou

rock

ləpe ʨyʨy

shitouzi

pebble

ləpe ʨyʨy

shizi

gravel

lətʰi

chuhan

perspire, sweat

ləts

zhenshi, zhenli

truth

ləts we

liyou

reason

letʂʰu

zhang

roedeer

ləwe pə

runnian

leap year

ləwe qe

runyue

intercalary month

leʨi

xianmu

to envy

li

li

measure of length reckoned at 360 paces, one 'li'

li

nan shengzhiqi

male organ (common term)

lili

zhuang

to install

lintsə

lingzi

collar

lipəʴ

guyi

purposely, deliberately

loti

heyi

agreeable

loti

qingchu

clear, distinct, evident

loti

liaojie

understand

lu

zhi

to be worth

lu

jian

arrow

lu

lai

to come

lu kəte

she jian

to shoot an arrow

luj tʰɑ

yan

to grind/rub fine

lulu

gun

to roll

lulu

yuan

round

lulu

tuoyuan

oval shaped

lup

luobo

turnip

lup

huluobo

carrot

lutæ

zhidao

to know

lutæ

mingbai

to be clear, to understand

lutæ

dong

to comprehend

lutæ

jide

to remember

luti

qingbai

pure, unsullied

lutʂɑ

qiang

gun – an old style hunting rifle

lutʂɑ

qiang

gun - warfare

lutʂɑ

changqiang

lance, spear

lutʂɑ kəte

dalie

to hunt

lutʂɑ kəʴtəm

lieren

hunter

luχuɑ

menkour, jinkour

doorway, an entrance

mæ

xingxing

ape

mæ

mama (duicheng)

mother (address term)

mæ

muqin (zhicheng)

mother (quoting term)

mæ

houmu (duicheng)

stepmother (address term)

mæ

houmu (zhicheng)

stepmother (quoting term)

mæ

popo (duicheng)

husband's mother (address term)

mæ

popo (zhicheng)

husband's mother (quoting term)

mæ

ren

human being, person, man, one

mæ

renjia

other people, I

mæ

mu

female

mæ

ren

human being, person, man, one

mɑ

hui (xia yu)

to be possible

mæ ɑtʂətʂə

mei ge ren

each one

mæ əke

yi ge ren, dandu

alone

mæ ətyʐ

gei (renjia) kan

to show

mæ je

you ren

someone

mæ jisuq

damuzhi

thumb

mæ kæpi

xu duo ren, da huo

multituide

mæ kəntɑ je

mama zai jiali

simple declarative sentence with the locative verb (eg. mother is at home)

mæ pəi

juren

giant

mæ ʁuɑm

shouguren

employee

mæ ʁuɑm

puren

servant

mæ ʁuɑm

changgong

regular employee of a farm

mæ səŋu

renhe ren

any one

mæ təpi

renmen

people

mæ tʂə

sha ren

to murder

mæ tʂəwu tɑ ʑiʁu̥ɑ

you ren bang mang ta

sentence with verbal complement (eg. there is someone helping him)

mæ zətɑ

ai jiang renjia duanchu

like to tell tales of others

mɑhɑ

cankui

to be ashamed

mɑhunn

xihan

rare

mæje

guoshi

fault

mæje

huai

be broken

mæje

genghuai

worse

mɑkɑ

bu xiaoshun

undutiful, ungrateful

mɑkɑ

mei

every

mɑkɑ

mei

per (person)

mækænj

bu shufu

do not feel well

mækanʨi pɑnɑ soute

reng laji

to throw away, to abandon, to cast away

mɑlu

hua

language, speech

mɑlu

hua

spoken words

mɑlu

yuyan

language, speech

mɑlu ətɑ

jiang hua

to speak

mɑlu lɑtɑ

chenmo guayan

taciturn

mɑlu mɑkɑ

yaba

dumb person

mɑlu mɑkɑ

ya

dumb

mɑlu tsəsɑ æȵy mɑlu ɕi niki zətɑ su

zhe ju hua yong ben di hua zenme shuo?

sentence with verbal complement (eg. how do you say this in the local dialect?)

mɑlu zətɑ

tan hua

to talk

mɑluʐətɑ

liaotian

to gossip

mæmæ

yaohao

to be on friendly terms

mæmæ

zhuyi

decision, resolution

mæmæ

bu dajin

unimportant

mæmæ

zhengdang

seemly

mæmæ

renren

everyone, all

mæmæ

zhuyi

to pay attention to

mæmæ

jiankang

health

mæmæ kuty

renzhen

conscientious

mæmæ kuty

mahu

sloppy

mɑnɑ

bu hao yisi

embarassed

mɑnə

waihang

amateur

mɑnkɑtsə

huran

suddenly, promptly, quickly

mɑpɑ

liumang

bandit

mɑpɑ

ben, bu congming

stupid

mɑpɑ

sha

dull, stupid

mæpæ mætsi mɑlu

jiang cuhua

to use bad words

mɑʁuɑ

juebu

never

mæs mæ

shengren

stranger

mæsæ

sheng, bu shou

raw

mɑsɑ

cha, bu gou hao

not good enough

mɑsɑ

bu (buhao / bushi)

not (eg. it is not good / it isn't )

mæsə

mosheng

to feel strange

mæsə ku

pasheng

to be bashful towards strangers

mɑʂuɑn

mahuang

leech

mætɑ

dui ren

activities towards people

mɑtɑ

bushuohua

keep quiet

mɑtʰɑ

tang

candy

mɑtʰɑ

tang

sugar

mæte

tian

to lick with tip of tongue

mɑte

tumo

to paint, to smear

mɑte

shuan

to rinse,scald thin slices of meat in boiling wate

mɑtʂɑ

yinshi

food and drink

mɑtʂɑ

wuchi

shameless

mɑtʂɑ ɑtuɑ

yi can fan

a meal

mɑtʂɑ ɑwu mæ xsiʁə tʰə

yi wan fan chi sangeren

declarative sentence (eg. a bowl of rice feeds three people)

mɑtʂɑ kuty

shaofan, pengtiao

to cook (rice), cooking

mɑtʂɑ lə ɦɑpɑ kuʂ lə tse pætsəß lə ɦɑtʂɑ mɑwu

fan you leng cai you shao rou you ren

conjunctive sentence (eg. the rice is cold and the vegetables are scanty and the meat is tough)

matʂɑ tʰəʂɑ

kai fan

to serve a meal

mɑtʂɑ tsəwu sətʰ təjuæ

(chi wan zhe wan fan)

terminative, "finish eating the rice "

mɑtʂɑ χuɑ tɑ

fanguan

eating house, restaurant

mɑtsə

ma

yard

mɑtsə

mazi

pockmark

mɑtʂəi

bu gou jinliang

weighing less than balance

mɑtʂuɑ

qiong

poor

mɑu

miao

second

mɑwɑ

bu yuanyi

not willing

mɑχɑ

mang

busy

mɑχɑ

congmang

in a hurry, hurried

mæχuɑ

yejian

nighttime

mæχuɑ

wanshang

evening

mæχuɑ

yeli

midnight, depth of night

mæχuɑ kəʴtu mæ æpi ie

wanshang jieshang ji man le ren

existential sentence (eg. at night the street is crowded with people)

mæχuɑ tʰije

guoye

to stay overnight

mæχuɑ ʐəsɑ

wanshang hao

good evening

mæʨʰɑ

jujue

to refuse

mɑʨæn

majiang

mahjong game

mɑʨæn ʐəte

da majiang

to play mahjong

mæʨi hɑʁue

huimen

first visit of a bride to her parents

mæʨue qɑ ʑik mæʨue

meiyou (wo meiyou qian)

have not (eg. I have no money)not, nonexistent

mæȵy

yemao

fox, wildcat

mæȵy

mao

cat

mæȵy kəje

mao jiao

to mew

me

mo, moshui

(Indian, Chinese ink)

mə sə

hao mai

to examine the pulse

me ʨitʰɑ

renao

bustling, lively, cheerful

məɸe

tongkong

pupil

məgɑ

xingyun

lucky

məi

yu

rain

məi hawəʴ

qingyu

sudden shower with the sun shining

məi lu

yuji

rainy season

məi pæ

wuyan

eaves

məi pɑʴ

dayu

heavy rain

məi pɑʴ

zhouyu

shower

məi təji

xiayu

it rains

məi tətʂ

linyu

to get drenched by the rain

məi tse

xiaoyu

drizzle

məijou

meiyou

kerosene

meje

she bude

can't bear to part with

meje

bu zai (jia)

not at (home)

mekætsi

zang, angzang

dirty

mekʰəlɑ

cu

coarse

mekʰəlɑ

se, bu hua

rough

məkiχæ

xiezhe yan kan

to look sideway

məkutʰɑ

deng yan

to gaze fixedly

məl

lei

thunder

məl hɑsɑ

da lei

it thunders

mele

qian

shallow

mele

kong

empty

məmətue

shi yanse

wink or hint given with the eyes

mən mæ

sou shen

to search the person

məpi

yanbai

white of the eye

məs ɕiɕi

xiaochuan

to have asthma

məs heɕi

hu qi

to breathe in

məs pʰute

tu qi

to breathe out

meʂe

nankan, chou

ugly looking

məʂkə

yanlei

tears

məʂkəɕi

liu yanlei

to shed tears

metʰə

jueshi

fast

mətə

yanzhu

eyeball

metəji

lai buji

too late

metipi

renmin

people

metse

dun, bu fengli

dull

metue

bu yiyang, bu tong

different

metue

fandui

to oppose

metue

xiangfan

inverse, reverse

mety

an, heian

obscure, dark

məty

xiazi

blind person

meʐɑ

buxing

misfortune

məʐə

mutan

charcoal

mezəi

dan

flavorless, insipid

meʑi

bu haochi, nanchi

it tastes bad, unsavory

məʑi tituɑ

da keshui

to doze

mezzo

huaiyi

to suspect

məʴ

miantiaor

noodle

məʴ

xingshi

surname, the clan name

məʴ

xing

to be surnamed

məʴ

minzu

tribe, race

meʨɑnʨæ

dun, bujian

blunt, dull

meʨʰi

fangxin

to be free from anxiety, to feel relieved

meʨʰi

dajin, yaojin

urgent

meʨʰi jʨʰi

yuanwang

to do injustice to

meʨʰi ʂəte

langfei qian

to waste money

meʨʰi tʂə

tiaobo shifei

to incite to contention

meʨʰi wɑ

dui buqi

"excuse me"

məʴʐ

kuaizi

chopsticks, fork

mi

yan

to castrate

mi

feiliao

manure

mi pʰɑ pʰɑ

shi fei

to fertilize

miɕue

taiyangxue

temple

mihunn ʐə

zhang lai

to have the mange

mikʰu

meimao

eyebrow

mimi

yanjing

eyes

mimi ɦæpæ

yanpi

eyelid

mimi ɦæpæ ɑtʂʰən

danyanpi

single eyelid

mimi ɦæpæ ɦĩtʂʰən

shuangyanpi

double eyelid

mimi ɦæʨæ

bi yan

to close the eyes

mimi ɦəʴke

yankuang

eye socket

mimi lɑpɑ

yan hua

eyesight blurred

mimi mety

laohuayan

farsighted

mimi sətʂuɑ

yanxie

cross-eyed

mimi sute

yanpi tiao

involuntary motion of the eyelid, twitching of the eye

mimi tem mæ

dai yanjing de ren

person who wears glasses

mimi tətsue

zheng yan

to open the eyes

mimi tʂɑ

zha yan

to blink

mipi tʂʰuɑ

houhui

to regret

miʂ

xia (ge libai)

next

miʂ

jianglai

in the future

miʂ

houlai

later, afterwards

mitytue

shi fen

to gather night soil

mo ɦĩ

liang ge ren

both, two people

mohĩ

mogu, ercaogu

grass mushroom

mohĩ

yangmogu

mushroom

mohunn

ling

zero

mohunn

meiyou

without

moɦunn

kong

become vacant

mokə tæi

tuo zai bozi shang

to carry piggyback

moloti

jiazhuang

to pretend

moloti

mohu

blurred, ambiguous, vague, unceatain

molu

duo

many

molu

duoyu

surplus

molu mɑkɑj

bie bu lai ya!

double-negative imperative sentence (eg. don't not come !)

moʁu tʂʰɑq

laba

trumpet

moʁu tʂʰɑq ɑsu pʰute

chui laba

to blow the trumpet

mosu

cesuo

toilet

motʂʰu

gan

to dare

motue

cizhi

to resigh from a job

mowu

feng

wind

mowu̥

zhu

bamboo

mowu kəi

fengsheng

rumour

mowu lypu

bei

north

mowu̥ səkʰəʴʨ

zhumie

bamboo splints

mowu təje

guafeng

the wind blows

mu

shan dian

lightning

mu

dili, huo

earth, fire

mu

huo

fire

mu

mu

Chinese land measure of area (240 square paces)

mu dəue

zhao huo

on fire, to catch fire

mu hɑnɑ

qingtian

fine weather

mu heɕi

fang huo

arson

mu ɦəʐə

yintian

cloudiness, cloudy weather

mu jɑpu

tianchuang

skylight

mu næ dʐu

zimei

sisters

mu pʰuχeʨ

bahuoguan (chuihuotong)

blowing pipe for kindling

mu sestue

leipi

to be struck by a thunderbolt

mu səʂue

dashan

the lightning flashes

mu zuæ

dian huo

to light a fire, to kindle

muɕi

taiyang

sun

muɕi

yangguang

sunshine, sunlight

muɕi eʨypæ

rishi

solar eclipse

muɕi ɦɑta

riluo

the sun sets

muɕi holu

chu taiyang

the sun rises

muɕi ɦolu

richu

sunrise

muɕi lɑpɑ

xiangrikui

sunflower

muɕti

fengxiang

bellow

muɕy

tianliang, liming

dawn

muɕy mæ

poxiao

daybreak

muk

yinliao, yan

drinks, cigarettes

muk

yan

tobacco

muk tʰe

chouyan

to smoke

muke

bozi

neck

mukəß

yan

smoke

mukəß tʂʰɑ

xun

to smoke

muki

houlong

throat

muki putʂ

houjie

Adam's apple

mulu ɦəkəʴ

chengdi

to weigh less than balance

mulu pəi

sheng ji

to get promoted

mulu təkəʴ

chenggao

to weigh more than balance

muŋ - wəl

tianwen, tianqi, guang

sky, weather, light

mun ɦa ʂuɑ

tian hei le

night falls

mun ɦe ɕy

tian liang le

the day breaks, open over

mun pia

tianbian

horizon

muntu

tiankong

sky

mupɑ

da huo

big fire

mupɑ

shen

deity, God

mupɑ

fo

buddha

mupɑ

pusa

boddhisatva

mupɑ

liang, liangkuai

cool

mupɑ ʁuəʴtsʰu

bai shen

to worship god

mupɑ sutem

tiaoshen de

shaman

mupɑje

shenwei

tablet or altar before which gods and spirits of ancestors are worshipped

mupɑpɑ

leng (tianqi, *dongxi)

cold

mupʰu

huoyan

flame

mupʰu

sheng huo

to make a fire

muqu

baitian

daytime

muʂəke

leishui

tears caused by smoke, etc.

mute

xun

to patrol

mute

zhao

to look for, to search

mutes

zhengqi

vapor, steam

mutes

xiao huo

small fire

muti

shao chai

to burn (firewood)

mutp

tianguo

Heaven

mutu

loushang, erlou

second floor, first floor

mutu

shangmian

above

mutu kʰeti

shangxia

more or less

muʑi tsʰuɑ

shuijiao

to sleep

nɑ lu

xingyun, yunqihao

fortunate

nɑ mɑlu

buxing, yunqibuhao

unfortunate

nɑd

wen shihou (ji dian zhong?)

(to tell time) what time is it?

nækə pij

duo jiu?

how long (in time)

nækəʴ ŋu suɑ tikɑ

shenme shihou dou keyi

declarative sentence with indefinite word (eg. any time will do)

næki

ji ge? (shi ge yinei)

how much / how many (less than ten)

nɑlu

jixiang

auspicious

næme

zhonglei

kinds

nɑnɑ ŋu

haohaorde

state of being well

næŋu

duoshao ? (shi ge yishang)

how much / how many ( more than ten )

næq næs pitʂɑ

ji yue ji hao (jintian ji hao?)

(to tell date) what day is today?

nɑuŋ tʂɑ

duoshao qian?

how much (asking for price)

nɑw

wuya

crow

nɑwu̥

erhuan

earring

nə

neihang

expert

nəjy

susong

suit

nəjy ki

gaozhuang

to sue

nəki təʂ

chuan er

to pierce the ear lobe

nəkiʁɑ

yuanyin

cause

nəkpʰi

daomei

unlucky

nəkʰuze

qia

to clamp

nəp

qiannian

year before last

nəs

zuotian

yesterday

nəs mæχuɑ

zuotian wanshang

yesterday evening, last night

nəʂɑ

juan (xiuzi)

to roll up the sleeves

nəʂke

erduo

ears

nəʂke ɦunn

erkong

aperture of the ear

nəʂke pu

erduo long

deaf

nəsu

chongjinr, chong

bold and aggressive

nətʰe

die

to fall

nətʂə

sai

stop up, choke up, block up

nətʂə kuty

zenme (zuo)?

how (to do?) -manner-

nətʂə kuty metʂɑ

zenme ban ne?

question-word question (eg. what shall (we) do (about it)?)

nətʂə ŋutʂɑ

weishenme?

why?

nətʂə ŋutʂɑ mɑkɑ wɑ

weishenme bu xing ne?

question-word question (eg. why won't it do?)

nətʂəŋusuɑ

suibian

"at your convenience"

nətsʰu

gui

to kneel

nətsu pu

wanyao

to stoop

nəty

zhen (zhentou)

to lean on a pillow

ŋu

shi

to be, is, are

ŋu

shi, shide

yes (positive answer)

ŋu

jueding

to decide

ŋu

shuyu

belong to

ŋu - qɑ meʨʰɑ

shi, wo bu yao

positive answer to negative tag-question (yes, I don’t want (it)

ŋu - qɑ ʨʰɑ

shi, wo yao

positive answer to positive tag-question (yes, I want (it))

ŋu - tʂəwu qɑ təs kɑ

shi, ta renshi wo

positive answer to positive particle-question (yes, he knows me.)

ŋu - tʂəwu qɑ təs mɑkɑ

shi ya, ta bu renshi wo

positive answer to negative particle-question (yes, he doesn’t know me.)

ŋuj

shishi

fact

ɤəli

ping

level, flat

out

nainai (duicheng)

paternal grandmother (address term)

p

yeye (duicheng)

paternal grandfather (address term)

pæ

bei (xiaohai)

to carry a child on the back

pæ

hai

12th earthly branch

pɑ

da

big, large

pɑ

cu

thick (eg. thread)

pʰæ

zhipai

cards

pæ - ʂe pəʴ - ʂepe

(zhu, niu) nao

(pork, beef) brain

pæ - ʂe timi

(zhu, niu) xin

(pork, beef) heart

pæ ɕipi

(zhu) gan

(pork) liver

pæ ɕimi

li

pear

pæ dʐukuɑ

zhujiao

pig's feet

pæ ɦunn

zhuzong

pig's bristles

pæ jæ

(gong) zhu

pig

pæ jæ

zhongzhu

breeding boar, sire pig

pæ mæ

muzhu

sow

pæ pæs

zhurou

pork

pæ təkɑp bæ

xiang

elephant

pæ tu

zhuyou

lard

pæ tuχuɑ

(zhu) du

(pig) stomach

pʰæ ʐəte

wan zhipai

to play card game

pæhuĩ

yezhu

wild boar

pɑkuɑ tʂʰewe

bazi

the eight cyclical characters of a horoscope--two each for the year, month, day, hour of birth

pʰælə

(ji) fan shiwu

(chicken) to scratch the feed

pɑn

guan, guanyuan

officer

pɑnɑ

chuiju

cooking utensils

pɑnɑ

jiaju, qiju

furniture, tools

pɑnɑ

jiaju, shebei

furniture, furnishing

pɑnɑ

jiaju

furniture

pɑnɑ

gongju

tools

pɑnɑ

baofu

bundle wrapped in cloth

pɑnɑ

wenju

stationery

pɑnɑ

liwu

gift, present

pɑnɑ

dongxi

thing

pɑnɑ

wuzhi

matter, material

pɑnɑ

caichan

property

pɑnɑ

canju

tableware

pɑnɑ tse χuɑm

xiaofan

peddler

pɑnɑ χuɑ

shangye, maimai

commerce, trade

pɑpɑ

nai

breast

pɑpɑ

shubo

paternal uncles

pɑpɑ

bofu (duicheng)

father's elder brother (address term)

pɑpɑ

bofu (zhicheng)

father's elder brother (quoting term)

pɑpɑ dʐu

naitou

nipple, teat

pæpʰi

fuzi

wheat bran

pæpʰi

xiaohuo(huo)zi

young man

pæpʰi

daren, chengren

adult, grown-up

pæpʰi

nianqingren

youth

pæs

rou

flesh

pɑʂ

dongchuang

chilblain

pɑʂ

liuzi

wen, lump

pæs pu

mai rou

to buy meat

pɑʂ təse

zhang chuang

to have sores

pɑʂ təse

zhang liu

to have a tumour, a swelling

pæsə

liewu

booty, game

pʰæʂe

zhua

to claw

pɑtiki

chizhe jiao

barefooted

pɑtse

di

low

pʰɑtsə

toujin

head scarf

pʰɑtsə

maojin (xi lian yong)

washcloth

pætsʰu pu

(mu) zao

(wood) mildewed and spoilt

pɑtujue

sanchalu

forked road

pʰɑu

pao

cannon

pʰɑu pʰɑu

pao

blister

pʰɑu pʰɑu səlu

qi pao

to raise a blister

pɑuʂu

shufu

father's younger brother

pɑχɑ

jiu

old, ancient

pɑχɑ

jiushi

old-fashioned

pʰɑzəß

chuang

bed, bedstead

pʰɑzəß hɑlɑ

shang chuang

to get into bed

pʰɑzəß ɦolu

xia chuang

to get out of bed

pɑʴ

gaogui

noble, honourable

pɑʴ

weida

great

pɑʴ mɑkɑ

zihao, bai dajiazi

be arrogant, be haughty

pɑȵɑ

xingli

luggage

pæʨy

xiaozhu

shoat, piglet

pæʨʰy

zhujuan

pig's pen

pə

nyu shengzhiqi (eryu)

vulva (baby term)

pə

chou

bad smell, stinking

pə

nian

year

pʰə

jiazhi

price, cost

pəɕuo

jinye

tonight

pəi

fengmi

honey

pəi

fa meiwei

musty smell

pəi

zhide

is worthy of

pəi

gao

tall, high

pʰəitʰɑ

pei ke

to entertain visitor

pʰəitʰɑ

peichang

to compensate

peki

dou

steep

pekʰu̥

shizi

lion

pəle

zuo, gan

to do

pələ

gongzuo

business, job, work, task

pələ

ban

to handle

pelu

mianfen

wheat flour

pʰelu

baowu

treasure

pʰelu

gui

expensive

pelu tətsɑkɑ

huo mian

to mix (dough)

pənʂə

shenti, shengli

body parts and functions

pənʂə

shenti

body

pənʂə

qugan

trunk

pənʂə pu

shengao

stature

pənʂə χulɑ

xizao

bath, bathing

pʰəntsə

pengzi, xiaowu

hut, lodge

pepʰi

songshu

pine

pəs

jintian

today

pəs mæχuɑ

jintian wanshang

this evening

pəs næŋu ŋu pəs

jintian ji hao? jintian chujiu

noun phrase-predicate sentence (eg. what day is today? Today is 9th of the month)

pəs tsuəʴtsue

jintian zaoshang

this morning

pesɑ

nong

pus

pesɑ pu

niang nong

to suppurate

pəsə

she

snake

pʰəte

chui shaozi

to whistle with a whistle

pʰətʰe

koudi, shaozi, chuishaor

whistle

pətʂʰ lɑpɑ

pugongying

dandelion

pʰətʂə

senlin

forest

petʂəß

bu

to patch

pəʴ

ai

mugwort

pəʨ

jian

to cut with scissors

pʰəʴ

run

soft, uncrisp

pʰəʴ

shi

wet, damp

pʰəʴ

run

moistening

pʰəʴ

shi

become dump

pəʴ lu

fen

powder

peȵi χəʴ

songzhen

pine needles

peȵikə

songguo

pine cone

pʰəʴkuəʴ

yijin

lapel

pəʴtsui

jiewen

kiss

pi

xue

snow

pi

bi

pen, writing brush

pi

gangbi

pen

pi

qianbi

pencil

pi

xi (yao)

slender

pʰi

bai

white

pʰi dəpæ

baidou

white bean

pi ɦaʐuɑ

xuebeng

snowslip, avalanche

pi ɦətʂə

hua xue

the snow melts

pʰi kɑtʂʰ

shuang

frost

pʰi kuʂ

baicai

Chinese cabbage

pi suetəß ʂuk

xiaobidao

pencil sharpener

pʰijɑʁu

guai

to blame

piʂpe

bingbao

hail, hailstone

piʂpe sulu

xia baozi

the hail falls

pʰitʰɑ

bijiao

to compare

pitsə

bizi

fine-toothed comb

pʰiʨʰi

piqi

temper

pʰiʨʰi mɑtʂe

piqi huai

bad-tempered

poŋ

pachong, kunchong

insects

pʰɤʴtʂəß

shulinzi

grove, copse, woods

pu

ban

board, plank

pu

mai

to buy, to purchase

pu

long

deaf

pu

diban

floor

pʰu

shao

to burn, to blaze

pʰu

shu

tree

pʰu

shumu

trees

pʰu

pianyi

cheap

pʰu

shao

make a fire, burn

pu hes

chuzhenzi

to have the measles

pʰu ɦope

shupi

bark

pʰu kəpu

shugen

root

pʰu kəpu

shuzhuang

tree stump

pu mumɑm

mujiang

carpenter

pu pɑtse

gaodi

height

pʰu tsəwu tʂʰɑk mewe

zhe ke shu meiyou yezi

negative declarative sentence (eg. this tree does not have any leaves)

pʰu tsu

shuzhi

sap

pʰu ʑipɑ

shuzhi

branches

pudʐə

saozhou

broom

puje

yang

to rear, to keep

puje

lingyang

to adopt

pukə

shouzhuo

bracelet

pukəß

shoushi

jewelry

pukəß səte

dai shoushi

to wear jewelry

pulɑ tsu

fengshui

geomancy

pumæ

bu, zhipin

cloth, fabric

pumæ eʨʰy

yi pi bu

a bolt of cloth

pumæ lɑpɑ

hua bu

printed cotton

pumæ pəʴ

mai bu

to buy cloth

pumi

shougua

to remain in widowhood

pumi

guafu

widow

puntsə

tan zhi

to snap the fingers

pus qe

zhengyue, yiyue

1st lunar month, January

pusqe hɑŋw

yuanxiao

Feast of Lanterns

putɑ

yemianhua

wild cotton

pʰutæ

chui

to blow

pʰute

(feng) chui

(wind) to blow

pʰute

chui koushao

to whistle

pʰute

chui niu

to brag

puts

dou

peck, a dry measure (316c. in.)

pʰuts

shangdian

shop

pʰuts

kezhan

an inn

pʰuts

dangpu

pawnshop

pʰuts kike

kai puzi

to open a shop

pʰuts təse

zhang feizi

to have prickly heat

pʰutʂʰɑ

cha

tea

pʰutʂʰɑ ɦɑw

dao cha

to pour tea

pʰutʂʰɑ səw

pao cha

to infuse tea

puxs

xinnian

New Year

pʰuzə

chuangpu

bedding

puʐu

mifeng, feng

bee, honey bee

puʐu

huangfeng

wasp

puʐu je

fengwo

honeycomb, beehive

puʨ

jian

to cut

puʨe

jian chibang

to clip the wings

puȵi

cangying

fly

puȵi

dama cangying, jintou cangying

blue-bottle fly

puȵi

mazi(ren)

person with pockmarks

puȵi koɦunn

malian

with pockmarks

puȵi ʂə

qu (cangying de chongzi)

maggot

qɑ

wo

'I' PRO 1st sg.

qɑ əty mɑkɑ

(wo kan bu jian)

cannot (eg. I cannot see)

qɑ gus tsətʂʰə mɑsɑ səki ətʂʰə tɑtʂuɑ

chule ….yiwai(chule zhejian yifu, wo hai you yijian)

except for (except for this clothes, I have another one)

qɑ kəʴ ʐuəʴ ɦɑzu tæ

ta yiqian dang guo bing

simple declarative sentence with classificatory verb (eg. he has been a soldier formerly)

qɑ kʰu ku kule

wo hen pa gou

simple declarative sentence with middle verb (eg. I am very much afraid of dogs)

qɑ mɑsuɑ ɑtʂətʂə kəi

chule ….yiwai(chule wo yiwai, dajia dao qu le)

except for (except for me,everyone has gone out)

qɑ mɑtʂɑ tʰɑ

wo zai chifan

I am having meal

qɑ mupɑpɑ

wo jue de leng

sentence with verbal complement (eg. I feel cold)

qɑ næ tʂəwu eɕy ki

wo he ta yiqi qu

I and he go together

qɑ nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

wo shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when am I leaving?)

qɑ tɑ sə

zhao (zhao wo kan)

according to

qɑ tʰəwɑ

wofang

ally

qɑ tʂʰɑ metʰ ȵi ɕi tʰə

wo huozhe he cha huozhe he jiu

disjunctive sentence (eg. I either drink tea or wine)

qɑ tʂəs pəiʨin teje ʁɑ

wo shi qiantian dao de Beijing

cleft sentence (eg. it is the day before yesterday that I arrived in Peking)

qɑ tʂʰətʂʰə ɑwɑ sɑ

…de (wo zou de lei le)

extent complement marker (eg. I walked to such an extent that I was tired)

qɑ tʂʰətʂʰə mɑkɑ mɑ

wo shi zou bu dong ma!

emphatic sentence (eg. it is that I can't walk!)

qɑ tʂʰətʂʰə næ əʴwes mowu

wo pao de lei de bu neng dong

sentence with extent complement (eg. I ran so much he is too tired to move)

qɑ tʂəwu gus ətʂʰə eli wɑ

wo gele ta yijian yifu

I gave him clothes

qɑ tʂəwu ɦəkəte

wo da le ta

I hit him

qɑ tʂəwu sə kuʂ ænki toty

wo gei ta zuo jigecai

I made a few dishes for him.

qɑ tʂəwu tɑ ətʂʰɑ

wo gen ta qu

I go with him

qɑ unn ji ətypæ əle ɕi

wo fen gei ni yi ban

indirect-object sentence (eg. I divide and give you a half)

qɑ unn kəʴ xsipæ əle ɕi

wo xian gei ni san kuai qian

indirect object construction (eg. I give you three dollars first)

qɑ ʑik ʁuɑ pæ ti mæʨue

wo zhiyou wukuaiqian

I only have five yuan.

qɑle

keng (gutou)

to gnaw at a bone

qɑnu

ziji

self, oneself

qæpæ

bian

to knit

qɑs

wo de

possessive pronoun, mine

qɑs gus

wo de yifu

possesive marker (eg. my clothes)

qɑs gus tə xsitʂʰə

wo de nasanjian yifu

those three pieces of clothing of mine

qɑs gus tətʂʰə

wo de najian yifu

that piece of clothing of mine

qɑs jipɑ

wo de shou

possesive marker (eg. my hand)

qɑs tɑwɑ tæ ɦunn tʂɑ

wo de maozi zai nar?

sentence with possessive expression (eg. where is my hat?)

qɑs tuwəʴ

wo gege

possesive marker (eg. my brother)

qɑtu

menshuanr

door bolt

qæʴ

bao (huashengqiao)

to flay, to peel

qe

shan

mountain, hill

qe

pa shan

to climb a hill

qe

shanya

precipice, cliff

qə

yue

month

qe ɦɑkəʴ

xia shan

to descend from a hill, to climb down

qe ɦeɕi

shan beng

landslide

qe japu

shandong

cave

qe keti

shanjiao

foot of a hill

qe ləpe

shanyan

cliff

qe mutu

shanding

peak, top

qe tɑ pʰu we

shanshang you shu

there are trees on the mountain

qe təkəʴ

shang shan

to mount a hill, to climb a hill

qe təʨʰi

shankou

mountain-pass

qe tse

xiaoshan

hill

qe ʨy

tongshan

hill without vegetation

qe ʨypæ

shanbanyao

halfway up a mountain

qepe mumɑm

nishuijiang

bricklayer

qepəʴ ɦəʴpʰe

ni (shide)

mud

qepəʴ jikue

tu (gande)

soil, earth

qepʰi mupɑ

ta

pagoda

qepʰu

shanpo

slope

qeʂuɑ

yueliang

moon

qeʂua ətə

yueguang

moonlight

qeʂua eʨypæ

yueshi

lunar eclipse

qeʂuɑ juenti

yueyuan

full moon

qeʂuɑ læwɑ

yueya

crescent moon

qəte

da

to hit, to strike, to beat

qopu

mogui

devil, Satan

qopu

guaiwu

monster, phantom

qu

laoying

hawk

qu

zhongzhi

middle finger

qupu

gui

ghost, spirit

qupu koɦunn kuty

zuo guilian

to make a scowl

qupu mu

guihuo, linhuo

will-o'-the-wisp

qupu mupɑ

guishen

cults

ʁɑwu

wan

bowl

ʁəwu pʰəʴlɑ ɦəʑi næ ʑi

he tang zai chuangshang

sentence with locative phrase (eg. he lies on the bed)

ʁəʴ

hetao

walnut

ʁəʴmɑlu

putonghua

the common language

ʁopu

shanpo

slope of a hill

rse

kuai, fengli

sharp, acute

ʁuɑ

wugu

grains

ʁuɑ

liangshi

food stuff

ʁuɑ

wa

tile

ʁuɑ

wu

five

ʁuɑ

qing

please

ʁuɑ əs

cangku

storehouse

ʁuɑm

yongren

household servant

ʁuɑq

wuyue

May

ʁuɑq ʁuɑty

duanwujie

5th day of the 5th lunar month, Dragon Boat Festival

ʁuɑsɑ

houzi

monkey

ʁuɑsɑ

shen

9th earthly branch

ʁuɑse

jie (qian)

to lend, to borrow (money)

ʁuɑse

gu

to hire, to employ

ʁuɑse

jie (qian)

to lend, to borrow (money)

ʁuɑsuɑ

wushi

fifty

ʁuɑtsə

wazi

socks

ʁuɑtsu

guaizhang

walking stick

ʁuɑtsu

gunzi, ganzi

stick

ʁuɑtsu

shouzhang

stick

ʁuɑtsu kəte

gunda

to beat (with a stick)

ʁuɑtsu ʨʰy

na guaizhang

to carry a walking stick

ʁuəʴ

chou

thin silk

ʁuəʴtsʰu

ke tou

to prostrate and knock the head on the ground

ʁuntɑ

wen

steady

sæ

shou

done, ripe

sɑ

xue

blood

sɑ

xiang

loud

sɑ

ceng

floor

ʂɑ ezy

shuan niu

to tie up a cow

sɑ hɑlu

chuxue

bleed

sɑ lu

liu xue

to bleed

sɑ sətʂu̥

yuejing

menstruation

sɑ tʂʰətʂʰə

xueguan

vein

sɑk

shouwanzi

wrist

ʂɑku

guo

frying pan

sæntʂɑ

na (ge)?

which (one) ?

ʂɑpu

gancao

hey

ʂɑts

sha

sand

ʂɑtuem

fangniude

cattle tender

ʂɑtuki

fang niu

to tend cattle

sə

muchai

firewood

sə

yaocai

herbs

sə

yaocai

herb, medicine

sə

qi

lacquer

sə

kan

to see, to look

sə

deng

to gaze fiercely

sə

yao

medicine

sə

kanshou

jail keeper

sə

zhaogu

to look after

sə

tian, ri

day

sə

san

three

sə

san hao

the third day of a month

sə

shei?

who?

sə

kongqi

air

sə

kanshou

watch

ʂe

huangniu

the common yellow cattle

ʂe

haokan

good-looking

ʂe

piaoliang

pretty

ʂe

meili

beautiful, fine

ʂe

mei

beauty

ʂə

shi, dabian

feces, stool

ʂe suki

(niu) wei

(ox) tail

sə ɑɸ

yi fu yao

dose of medicine

sə æpʰæ zeje æpæ tʂɑ

shei yihuir ku yihuir xiao ya?

conjunctive sentence (eg. who cries at one moment and laughs at another?)

ʂə ɕiki

la shi

to defecate

ʂe ɦəʴkə

(niu) dou jiao

(off bulls) to flightto gore

ʂe jæ

gongniu

ox

sə kike

kai fangzi

to prescribe medicine

sə kule sə pɑnɑ kuety

shei liqi da shei na xingli

correlative sentence (eg. whoever has the greater strength will carry the luggage)

sə mæ

shouren, renshi de ren

acquaintance

ʂe mæ

muniu

cow

sə ŋutʂɑ

shei ya?

question-word question (eg. who is it?)

ʂe pæs

niurou

beef

sə səku

he yao

to drink liquid medicine

sə tʰə

chi yao

to take medicine

ʂə tety

hai liji

to have dysentery

sə tsʰɑte

tu yaoyou

to rub ointment

sə tsʰuɑm

qiaofu

woodchopper

ʂe tuχuɑ

niudu

beef stomach

sə tytue

pei yao

to make up a prescription

sə tytuem

zhongyi

Chinese doctor

sə χuəʴ

jian yao

to make a decoction

sə ʐəsɑ

(yao) youxiao

(medicine) effective

səɕy - zətʂuɑ

cuo, nie

pick

ʂəje

niujuan

cattle's pen

səjipəß

liang

to put on clothesline

sekʰæ

shaizi

sieve

səkɑ

tuo

to undress, to take off

səke

kao

to depend on

səkə

langfei

wasteful

ʂekʰə

baijiazi

son who ruins the family

səkʰəlɑ

shuai

to stumble, to fall down

səkələ

yan

swallow

sekese

fen jian

to partition (eg. into rooms)

səkəʴ

langfei

to waste

səki

name (zuo)

in that way

səki

tiaoxuan

to select, to choose

səki

gaibian

to change

seki eʨi

chongfu

to repeat

ʂeki mæ tʂə mæje

zhao bieren de guoshi

to look for other's faults

səki tɑpu

ai tiaoti

fussy

səkimɑ

tanwang (pengyou)

to make a visit (to friends)

səku

she

to shoot

səku

he

to drink

səkue

dao

upside down

səkuəʴ

dao

to fall on its own weight

səkuəʴ

dao

but

səkuəʴ

dadao, nongdao

throw down, fell, bring down

səkʰulu

(she/chan) tuo qiao

discarded skin of snake, cicada

ʂelɑ

dafang

generous in manner

sele

shai

to sieve

səli

pao

to soak

səli

zhuang

to fill up, to load

səli

cuo

massage

səlu

cuo (tuanzi)

to roll into a ball with the hands

səlu

cuo

to rub between the hands

səlu

juan

to roll up

səm

guanjia

housekeeper

səmɑte

ca

to rub in, scrub

səmɑtə

hu

to stick

səməχə

(guzi) xu

(grain) hollow

ʂənʂən

shenmu

father's younger brother's wife

səɤli

chanzu

to bind the feet

ʂep

fen, fenmu

grave, tomb

səp tʂutʂ

saomu, shangfen

to sweep the grave, to worship at the graves

səpæ

sejin

to cram in tightly

səpʰɑ

bai zhuozi

to set the table

səpʰɑ

pu chuang

to make the bed

səpʰɑ

tanzi

blanket

səpʰɑ

pu

to spread

səpʰɑ

pa

to lie flat on the stomach

səpʰɑ ʑi

pazhe shui

to sleep with stomach down

səpʰɑtʰɑ

pufu

to crawl

səpʰi

hui

grey

səpʰutʰɑ

pu

to rush on

ʂepʰutsə

shijie

stone steps

seq

sanyue

March

səq

miao

sprouts, shoots

səq

ya

sprout

səqi

jiao~liu

let flow

səʁisə

fenbie

separately, distinguish

səʂ

chuan xiedai

to lace the shoe

səʂ

chuan

to pierce

səse

sa

to sprinkle, to scatter

səse

sa

spill

səsə

ran

to dye

səʂe

lyu (bu yao shui)

to strain (strain away liquid)

sesuɑ

chuxi

New Year's Eve

səsuɑ

sa, sanshi

thirty

səʂua

pian, wai

incline, lean

səʂuɑ

shangguang, shanglian

to favor with one's presence

səʂuɑpu

dong

east

səʂuk

la

to pull

səʂulɑ

wai

slanted

səʂulɑ

xie

inclined, sloping, slanting, oblique

səte

tao

CL (set)

sətə

zhixian

straight line

ʂətə

yong, shiyong, liyong

to use, to utilize, to employ

ʂətə le

naiyong, jieshi

strong, lasting, stout

ʂəte mele

bu jieshi

flimsy

sətejy

ganbei

to empty the wine glass

sətəʂkə

kelian

to pity, piteous, pitiable

səti

mianao

padded jacket

sətite

tui

to push

sətite

xiankai

to lift open (a lid)

səts

san ge ren

three people

sətʂ

(teng) manyan

to creep

sətʂ

zhao xiang

to take a photo

sətʂ

zhaoxing

photograph

sətsʰɑte

mo

to wipe

sətsʰɑte

hua huochai

to light a match

sətʂə

miao

temple

sətʂə

si

monastery

ʂətʂə

zidan

bullet

sətʂə je

miaohui

feast, festival

sətsʰte

caliang

to polish

sətsʰu

li

make stand, erect

sətsʰuɑ

kan chai

to chop firewood

sətʂuɑ

heng

horizontal

sətʂuɑ

xie

slanting, oblique

sətʂuəʴtʂə

dasaochu

thorough cleaning

sətu

tun

to swallow

sətu

chengdan

to undertake

sətʰu

tang

to scald with hot water

sətʰu

tangshang

to scald oneself

sətʰuitʰɑ

bao

to plane

ʂəty

pi

expulsion of intestinal gas

ʂəty ɕi

fang pi

to expel intestinal gas

ʂew

zhuan (menniu)

to turn (doorknob)

ʂewu

raoquanzi

to go around in a circle

səχɑ

xinxian

(food) fresh

səχɑ

xin

new

səχə

(guzi) shi

(grain) solid

ʂexe

niuduzi

calf

səχe mɑtʂu

guangjiao

barefooted

səχəʴ

xie

shoes

səχəʴ tsæm

xiejiang

cobbler

səχəʴ tsuɑȵi lɑ

huan xiedi

to put a new sole to a shoe

ʂəχui

shehui

community

səʐuɑtʰɑ

rou (yifu)

to twist, to crush together in the hand (eg. clothes)

si

baozi

leopard

soute

shuai (dongxi)

to throw, to cast away

stækæ tu təi

zuihou yi ge

the last one

ste

datai

to procure abortion

stətʂ

zhi

straight

ʂtusuɑ

liushi

sixty

su

cui

to hasten, to urge

su

kuai, xunsu

quick, fast

su

mali

quick'-witted

su

kuai, jiangjin

soon

ʂu

caidao

kitchen knife

ʂu

mo dao

to sharpen a knife

ʂu

ya

teeth

ʂu

nyu shengzhiqi

vulva (common term), pubes, pudenda

ʂu hɑlu

baoya

with protruding teeth

ʂu lɑ

huan ya

to discard milk teeth

ʂu ləpæ

modaoshi

grindstone

ʂu pun əlɑ

zhuya

to have decayed teeth

ʂu sete

baya

to remove teeth

ʂu χuχu

yachuang

the gums

su zəʴ

masheng

rope

suɑ

licai

to take note of, to pay attention to

suɑ

dianming

row call

suɑ

suan ming

to tell fortune

suɑ

suan

to count as

suɑ

dasuan

to plan to

suɑ

shu

to count

ʂua

liang, mingliang

bright, light

ʂuɑ

tanzi

earthenware jar

ʂuɑ

gang (shuigang)

large open-mouthed jar

ʂuɑ bəl

yinghuochong

firefly

ʂuɑ tɑ kuetʂe le

tanzile you suancai

there are pickled Chinese cabbage in the earthern jar

suɑj

dian huo

to check goods

ʂuɑl

daocaochuangdian

mattress made of rice-stalks

ʂuɑtʰɑ

shua (qiangbi)

to whitewash

ʂuɑte

shua

to brush

suepəʴ

suo

lock

suepəʴ

suo

to lock

suet

xiao

to peel

suete

kai (pigu)

to clean the bottom

suete

xiao

shave, sharpen

suəʴs pʰu

liushu

willow

suki

weiba

tail

suku

(niao) shanang

gizzard

suku

daizi

sack, bag

ʂukue

tuo

to carry in the palm

ʂukuəʴ

tuo

to drag

sulu

ma

flax

suq

dongtian

winter

ʂus

nianji, suishu

age

ʂus

sui

year old

ʂus le tʂə - ʂus le ʨi

laoshenger, laoshengnyu

last one

ʂus lem

laorenjia, laonianren

old age

ʂus tse

nianqing

young of age

suʂɑ

suan zhang

to settle a restaurant bill

ʂusəß

shui

tax

ʂusəß ələw

na shui

to pay tax

ʂusəß hɑtʂu

chou shui

to tax

susu

jinji

on the verge of

susu

kuaishoukuaijiaode

in a quick manner

susu

ganjingliluo

clean and tidy

susu

gankuai

quickly, to hurry

ʂuʂu

ge he, shouge

to harvest

susuɑ

suan

to calculate, to count

susute

tiaobengbeng

to skip

sute

tiao sheng

to jump rope

sute

tiao wu

to dance

sute

tiaoshen

to shamanize

sute

duojiao

to stamp the feet

sute

tiao

to jump

sutsu

tuoye

saliva

tæ

jieri

festival

tæ

tiao

to shoulder

tæ

hai

still

tæ

rengjiu

as before

tæ

~li, ~zhong

in, among, midst, mid, amid

tæ

jieqi

solar terms

tæ

chunjie

The Spring Festival

tʰæ

chao (fangxiang), wang (dong)

to face (a direction), to (east)

tʰɑ

yao

waist

tʰɑ

nar

there, that plase, over there

tʰɑ mɑsɑ

qita

others

tæ ŋutʂɑ

nabian?

which side?

tæ tʰə

na (ge)?

which (one) ?

tæ tʰəkəʴ

shenme shihou?

when?

tʰæ təkəʴ

rao guoqu

to go around

tɑ tʂətʂə səzə

chen (chen re chi)

while, taking the opportunity of (eg. eat while it is hot)

tɑ ȵi

xia wu

the fog spreads

tæi

song

loose

tæi

kuanda

lenient

tæji

huo

living, to be alive, to live

tækæ hɑʁue

wang hou tui

to retreat

tækætu

houmian, houbian

back

tæki

pigu

buttocks

tɑku

kuzi

trousers

tʰɑku

dongjia

employer

tɑku dʐupɑ

kutuir

trousers' legs

tɑku ʂuəʴ

kudaizi

girdle to fasten trousers round the waist

tɑku ti

kudang

trousers' seat

tɑkʰuɑle

jie xiedai

to untie (shoelace)

tælæ

yaodai

waist belt

tæmæ

mo

to touch

tʰɑmɑsɑ

lingwai

additionally

tʰɑmɑsɑ

biede

else, other

tʰɑmɑsɑ

biede

different

tʰɑmɑsɑ mæ

bieren

others

tʰɑmɑsɑ tə ɦĩ

di er (ge)

second

tʰɑmɑsɑ tə sə

di san (ge)

third

tʰɑmɑsɑ teq

xia ge yue

next month

tɑmu

huichen

dust

tɑmu

hua hui

to become ashes

tæn ɦətse

jiang jia

to haggle over prices

tɑn təjue

zhan huichen

to get dusty

tʰɑnɑ

tamen

'they' PRO 3rd pl.

tʰɑnɑ

tamen

'they' PRO 3rd pl.

tʰɑnɑ ɑtʂətʂə lu ji

tamen quan lai le

sentence with adverb (eg. they have all come)

tʰɑnɑ ɦĩ

talia

the two of them

tʰɑnɑ hi mɑtʂɑ tʰə

taliang zai chifan

the two of them are having meal

tʰɑnɑ ɦĩze zəkəʴ təkəʴ ʑiʁuɑ

tamen liang ge ren huxiang bangmang

sentence with reciprocal expression (eg. both of them helped each other)

tʰɑnɑ kəʴ kij

tamen xian zou le

sentence with adverb (eg. they have left first)

tʰɑnɑ kʰuəʴ səkəʴ

tamen bei pian le

passive sentence (eg. they were cheated)

tʰɑnɑ nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

tamen shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when are they leaving?)

tʰɑnɑs

tamen de

theirs

tang kui

danggui

a kind of medicinal root

tæŋu

nar?

where?

tæŋu

nabian

where

tɑŋutʂə

dizhi, zhuzhi

address, residence

tɑpu

diangao

to raise by putting something under

tɑpu

xihuan

to like

tɑpu

gaoxing

glad, rejoice

tɑpu

kuaile, yukuai

happy

tɑpu

ai

to love

tɑpu

kuaile, yukuai

pleasant, agreeable, casy

tɑpu sue

keai (xiaohai)

cute, lovely, charming

tɑpus jue

keai

amiable

tæs

guojie

to observe festivals

tæs

guonian

to observe the New Year

tɑs

dengzi

stool

tæsə we

haixiu

bashful, be ashamed

tætəʐu

bie keqi

"do not stand on ceremony"

tætsæ

shankai

to slip to one side

tætsæ

likai

to depart

tætsæ

zoudiao, li

go away from, get farther

tætsæ

likai

apart

tætse sə

congxiao

from childhood

tɑty

dailing

to lead

tɑty

dai, ling

bring with, be accompanied, lead

tɑuɑ

maozi

hat, cap

tɑuɑ ɦɑlɑ

dai maozi

to wear a hat

tɑwɑ

suishi

at any time

tɑwɑ

changchang

often, always

tɑwɑtʂə

kua

to step across

tɑχu̥

fangliang

beam

tæy

e

hungry, starve

tæy kule

e de fa huang

fatigue, as a result of hunger

tʰæʴpəʴ

weiqun

apron

tʰæʴpəʴ zətæ

za weiqun

to wrap around (an apron)

te

fuzi

hatchet

tə

du, nian

to read aloud

tə

zhaodai

to receive (visitor), entertain, treat

tə

re

hot

tə

nuanhuo

warm

tə

wen

lukewarm

tə

qi

seven

tə

wei

hello

tʰə

zha (you)

to squeeze

tʰə

chi

to eat

tʰə

ti

shave

tʰə wɑ

shang, xiang, chao, wang

toward

tẽɑnɑ mɑtʂɑ tʰə

tamen zai chifan

they are having meal

təɕɑ

rang bu

to give into

təɕɑ

qiurao

to ask for forgiveness

təɕɑ

raoshu

to forgive

təɕi

shutong shuiliu

to dredge a river

təɕi

ti

(cock) to crow

təɕi

fangxue

to dismiss school

təɕi

fangjia

to have a holiday

təɕi

san hui

meeting dismissed

təɕi

fangsong

relax, loosen

təgɑutʰɑ

ao (gunr)

to break into two

tʰəi

na (ge)

that (one)

təj

futou

axe

təjæ

daoda

to reach destination

təje

dao

to

təje

daoda

reach, arrive at, attin

təjikue

chuigan

dried up by the wind

təjy

wan, jieshu

to end, to finish

təjy

jieguo

consequence, result, outcome

təjy

wancheng

accomplir

tək tʂe

fengzi

mad person

təkæ

ti

to kick

təkæ

bandong

transfer

təkɑ

kaoshang

to pass entrance exam

təkɑpu

bizi

nose

təkɑpu jɑpu

bikong

nostril

təkɑtʂʰɑ

quan

to advise

təke

yonggong

to be diligent

təke

chaojia

to quarrel

təke

bie chao!

negative imperative sentence (eg. don't make noise !)

təkə

kai deng

to turn on the light

təkə

po

be torn

təkəʴ

shangliu

upper course of a river

təkəʴ

lixi

interest

təkəʴ

guo, guoqu

elapse, past over

tʰəkəʴ

shihou

time

tʰəkəʴ

~ de shihou

about (the time)

təkəʴ topʰu

qu, likai

leave, go away

təki

kai men

to open a door

təki

shang

to ascend

tʰəki

name (hao)

that much

təki χuəʴ

nanguo

to be distressed

təku

zhuanqian

to gain / to earn money

təku

chi jing

to be stunned, be startled

təkuɑ

dasheng

to win a war

təkuɑ

quanjia

to act as peacemaker

təkue

pinming

to risk one's life

təkue

kaishi

to start, to begin

təkue

kaishi

to start, to begin

təkue

naqu

take away

təkue

nuli

endeavour

təkueʴ

han, baokuo

comprise, contain, include, involve

təkuəʴ

bao

to wrap, to pack, to envelop

təkʰulu

xie

to wither

təkʰulu

ku

to decay, to wither

təkʰulu

chui xialai

to dangle

təl

jia

to add

təlɑ

jingying, jiaoyi

business, transactions, trade

təlæʁu̥ɑ

wan (shi wanqyu)

to bend

təlɑwə

chenggouzi

hook at the end of a steelyard

tələntʰɑ ʑi

cezhe shui

to sleep on the side

təlu kuʂ

juanxincai

cabbage

temepi

(shiqing) shibai

to fail

təmi pi

gaocuo, nongcuo

to make a mistake

təmipi

wuhui

to misunderstand

təm-mæ

mingtian

tomorrow

təm-mæ mæχuɑ

mingtian wanshang

tomorrow evening

təm-mæ tsuəʴtsue

mingtian zaoshang

tomorrow morning

tʰəmu

nayang

such, like that

tən

deng

light

tʰene

ta

it

tʰəntsə

teng

rattan

təpæ

bei (dongxi)

to carry on the back, to bear on one's back

təpɑ

shengzhang

to grow

təpʰɑ

zhong

swell

təpɑ nətʂə

bizi bu tong qi

to have a stuffy nose

təpɑ sɑ

bixie

nosebleed

təpɑʴ

zhangda

to grow

təpɑʴ

kuoda

spread over

təpɑʴj

da le

to be grown up

təpə

(rou) chou

(meat) rotten

təpə

(jidan) chou

(eggs) rotten smell

təpʰəntʰɑ

peng

to hold up in both hands

təpʰəʴ

duan

cut (with scissors)

təphɑ

yongzhong

clumsy and bulky, bulging

təpi

hejie

to intercede

təpi

(shiqing) chenggong

to succeed

təpi

dui

correct

təpi

zengjia

to increase

təpi

chengwei

to be, to become

təpu

bao

mosquito bite

təpu

tu

convex

təq

qiyue

July

təqɑp səpiɑtʰɑ

bianbizi

flat-nosed

təqə

shifang

to release, set free

tərsʰe

fa

to rise

təʁuəʴ

shangdiao

to hang oneself

təs kuty

zuo shengyi, zuo maimai

to do business

təs kuty

hangshang

to do business

təs kutym

shangren

merchant

təs ʐəsɑ

shengyi wang

prosperous business

təsɑ

miaozhun

to aim at

təsɑ

kanpo

to see through a thing

təʂɑ

ti

to carry in a hanging manner with the hand(s)

təsə

shi

to try

təsə

sou

(of cereals) musty smell

təsə

shiyan

examine

təʂe

duan

to bring (as a tray)

təʂə

-zhe (na zhe !)

stative, "hold this! "

tʰəse

naxie

those

təsə kɑ

rende

to recognize

təʂə wu

guaiwan

to turn a corner

təʂəwəi

niu

to wring

təsij

shang huo

to unload goods

təstæpæ

yexia jia

to tug under the arm

təʂu ʂɑ

(ba ~ ) cang qilai (bu rang ren kan)

to hide (things) (don’t let anyone see it)

təsuɑ

qishi

seventy

təʂua

fa liang

shiny, shining to glitter, to shine

təsue

man

full

təsue

yi, man

overflowing

təsue

man, chongman

be filled

tətɑ

shangliang

to consult

tətə

jiare

heat

tətʰe

bao (xiaohai)

to carry in the arms, to embrace

tʰətʰə

kou (bigou)

to pick at, to scrape (eg. the nose)

tətəsɑ

duosuotui

to jiggle the feet

tətəsɑ

duosuo

to shiver

tətitæ

ju

to raise with the hands

təts

shou shang

to get wounded

tətsʰ

cheng

to weigh

tətsæ

rencuo

to admit one's wrong

tetsɑkɑ

jiashang

add

tətʂʰɑutʰɑ

jiaohuo

to stir, to mix, to blend

tətʂʰæʴ

dongshen

to start on a journey

tətsə

ai da

to get beaten

tətsʰe

cuo

wrong

tətsʰə

youzui

to guilty

tətʂe

shaore (guo)

to heat up the pan

tətʂe

fa shenjing

hysterical

tətʂe

shazi

simpleton, fool

tətʂe

feng

mad, out of one's mind

tətʂe

fashao

fever

tətʂʰə ɦɑʁuɑ

sudu, kuaiman

speed

tətsə ɦətu mutem

zhao da zhao ma de

irritating, annoying

tətʂʰəχuɑ

luguo, zouguo

to pass by a place

tətsʰoutʰɑ

cheng

to prop up, to stretch out

tətsu

pengjian

to meet (by chance)

tətsʰu

zhan

to stand

tətsʰu

shuzhe

vertically

tətsʰu

zhanqilai

stand up

tətʂʰu

pailie

range, queue, line, row

tətsuɑ

facai

to prosper by becoming wealthy

tətsʰuj

zhan qilai

to stand up

tətu

jian (jidan)

to fry in fat or oil

tətu

wen chencai

to warm up leftover

tətu

jianbang

shoulder

tətu

kai qiang

to shoot with a gun

təue

chuan

to wear, to put on

təuə

qilai

to get up

təwɑ

suoduan

cut short

tʰəwɑ

nabian

that side, that way

təwe

sunshang

to hurt the skin

təwe

jiao~qilai

raise

təwə

chuan

put on, wear

təwəi

dizhen

earthquake

təwety

xiangqilai

to remind, to recollect

təwəʴ

nengyuan

optatives

təwu

fang (tiaoweiliao)

to put in (ingredients)

təwu

yidong

to move

təχɑ

bao

full, satiated

təχə

kaixiao

expenses

təχuɑ

mai

to sell

təχule

guli

encourage

təzə

chang

to taste

təzə

lou

leak out

təʐu

shengyu

rest, remnant

təʐu

shengxia

be left over

təʑy

sunshi

loss

təʑy

diu

lose

tʰəʴ gus hĩ wem ʨijy qɑ wolu ŋu

na ge chuan hong yifu de xiaohai shi wo meimei

relative clause sentence (eg. the child, who wears a red dress, is my younger sister)

təʨʰɑutʰɑ

qiao kai

to pry open

təʨʰi

que

lack

təʴi kəje

da cha

to interrupt

təʨijy

bujianle, diule

to disappear, to be lost

təʨijy

yishi

to lose (thing)

təʨiutʰɑ

jiu

to rescue, save

təʴkəʴ

guo

to cross

təʴkəʴ

lie

be broken

təʴkəʴ

du (he)

to cross, to ferry

təʴkəʴ

xiaoguo

effect

təʴkəʴ

jingguo, you

by way of, via

təʴkəʴ

tongguo

through

tʰəʴwɑ

nabian

beyond, other side, opposite side

təʴwəʴ

renyou

let (him) do as he pleases

təʨʰy

quekou (pingzi)

broken

ti

xiong

bear

ti pæ

fufu, fuqi

husband and wife

ti pilɑ

bian

to change

tiɑŋjiŋ

dianying

movies

tiɑŋjiŋ sə

kan dianying

to watch the movie

tiɑnχuɑ sutu

ting dianhua

to answer a telephone call

tiɑnχuɑ tɑtʰɑ

da dianhua

to telephone

tiɑnχuɑ ʨetʰɑ

jie dianhua

to receive a telephone call

tiætəŋ

diandeng

electric light

tije

shouxue

beast's cave

tik

baizi

tares

tik

laotaipo

old woman

timi

xin

heart

timi

liangxin

conscience

timi

xin

heart, mind

timi ətə

yi xin yi yi

of one heart and mind, devotedly

timi le

zhuanxin

concentrated

timi le

youxin

considerate

timi le

xixin

careful

timi le

tanxin

greedy for money

timi mɑχɑ

xin bing

heart disease

timi mele

cuxin, dayi

careless, heedless

timi pɑ

danda

bold

timi pɑʴ

danzida

bold, fearless

timi sute

xin tiao

nervous, palpitating heart

timi tse

danxiao

timid

timi ʐəsɑ

xindi hao, houdao

kind

tipi

zhengque

right, correct

titsu

xi

stream

titʂu

dizhu

landowner

tixue

qiane

forehead

tiʐə

fa chou

to be sad

toje

zhaolai

to summon

tojy

biye

to graduate

tokʰulu

luo, yiwang

to leave behind

tokʰulu

luoxia

to fall

tonʐi

xing

to wake up

totʂʰutʰɑ

chule~(yiwai)

besides

tʁkɑ

gong

to attack

tsæ

xiu

to embroider

tsæ

zuanzi (da tie yong)

awl or drill

tsʰæ

daban

to make up

tsʰæ

zhuangshi

to adorn, to decorate

tʂæ

jieri

holiday, festival

tʂɑ

zhang

measure of 10 feet

tʂɑ

xiao

to laugh

tsʰɑitʰɑ

caice

to speculate, to guess

tʂʰɑk

yezi

leaf

tʂʰɑk səʂɑ təsə

zhang xin yezi

to bud (new leaves)

tʂɑmɑ

ci

thorn

tsʰɑmɑ tʂə

zhaci

to get a splinter

tʂʰɑmɑʂɑ

bie

"don't! "

tʂɑntʰy

beidan

sheets

tʂɑpæ

zhi bu

to weave

tsæq

chuntian

spring

tʂʰɑʂ

zhizhu

spider

tʂʰɑʂ je

zhizhuwang

spider's web

tʂɑs jue

kexiao

funny, amusing

tʂɑtʰɑ

zha

to deep-fry

tʂɑtʂɑ

zhazi (guti)

dreg (of solids)

tʂɑtʂɑ

zhazi (liuti)

dreg (of liquids)

tʂɑtʂɑ

weixiao

to smile

tʂʰɑtʂʰɑ

xique

magpie

tʂʰɑu

ciwei

porcupine

tʂʰɑutʰɑ

ban

to mix

tsʰɑχɑ

shourou

lean meat

tsæxu

menkanr

doorsill

tsæxu

menmei

lintel of a door

tsæxu dɑʁuɑtʂɑ

maiguo menkanr

to step over the doorsill

tʂɑȵi

guohui

soot of a pan

tʂæȵy

zhuizi

borer, gimlet, awl

tʂɑȵy

zhui

awl

tse

(nianji) xiao

young in age

tse

wanbei

junior generation

tse

xiao

small, little

tse

linse

niggardly, miserly

tsə

zheng

to steam

tsə

pang

fat

tsə

fei

fat (meat)

tsʰe

yang

sheep

tsʰe

shanyang

goat

tsʰe

wei

8th earthly branch

tsʰe

lingyang

antelope

tsʰə

yan

salt

tsʰə

cheng

scales, balance

tʂe

erzi

son

tʂe

yangzi

foster son

tʂe

yizi

adopted son

tʂe

nanhaizi

boy

tʂe

xi, xisui

fine (eg. flour)

tʂə

shizi

louse

tʂə

fangzi (zheng suo de)

house

tʂə

jin

catty

tʂə

dan

gall bladder

tʂə

chang

long

tʂə

ba

eight

tʂə

shiqing

matter, event, function

tʂə

qingkuang

condition

tʂə

changdu

length

tʂə

shijian

event, incident

tʂə

shiqing

event, function

tʂə

ji

accumulate, be piled up

tʂʰe

ju

to saw

tʂʰe

qian

mace, 1/10 tael

tʂʰe

xi

to suck, to breathe in

tʂʰə

chi

ruler (a measure)

tʂʰə

qi

to anger

tʂʰə

tao

to demand

tʂə - ɑχu

ji, dui, zai

load, heap up

tʂə gus

changpao

robe, long gown

tsʰe ɦæpæ lintsə

yangpi beixin

sheepskin vest

tsʰə ɦozu næ jitsə ɦəʴkəʴ

pangzi zuo ta le yizi

resultative sentence (eg. the fat man sat on the chair and broke it)

tsʰe ɦunn

yangmao

wool

tse jisu

xiaozhi

little finger

tʂə kətɑ

gai fangzi

to build a house

tʂə mɑtʂɑm

wuyeyoumin

vagrant

tʂə mute

zhao fangzi

to go house hunting

tʂə mute

re

to provoke

tʂə mutu

wuding

roof

tsʰə pɑnpɑ

chenggan

beam of a steelyard

tsʰe pæs

yangrou

mutton

tsʰə pæs

feirou

fat meat

tʂə pələ

zuoshi (gongzuo)

to work

tʂə pələ

ganhuor ( laodong )

to do manual labor

tʂə pələm

nongfu

farmer

tʂə pələm

gongren

factory worker

tʂə pələm

nongmin

peasant, peasantry, farmer

tʂə pələm pɑʴ

gongtou

foreman

tsʰə qɑ zəpɑ - mɑtʰɑ zəmupɑ

yan wo mai le, tang mei mai

object-contrastive sentence (eg. I have bought salt, I have not bought sugar)

tsʰe ʂke

datui

thigh

tʂə tɑpu

ai guan xianshi

nosy

tʂʰə təlu

fa piqi

to lose one's temper

tʂʰə tʂʰə

pa

to crawl, to creep

tʂʰə tʂʰə

zou lu

to walk on foot

tʂʰə tʂʰə

pao

to run

tʂə tsə qɑ təjy mɑkɑ

zhe jianshi wo zuobuwan

negative potential sentence (eg. I can't finish this matter)

tʂə tsə sə qɑ kɑː təʑi

zhe jian shiqing shi wo shang tou le naojin

pivotal construction (eg. this matter caused me to be brain wrecked)

tse tselə

laoyao

youngest child

tʂə tʂəs

daqiantian

day before day before yesterday, three days ago

tʂə tsesɑ ɦɑte pɑ

zhe jian fangzi tai da le

sentence with descriptive predicate (eg. this house is too big)

tʂə uɑn

changduan

length

tʂə wɑse

zu fangzi

to rent a house

tʂə xsiχɑ ɦunn næ kɑ ji

you zhe san yang jiu gou le

sentence with conditional clause (eg. if there were these three kinds, it would be enough)

tsʰə ʐəpæ

yangjiaofeng

epilepsy

tʂə zu

shiziluan, jizi

nit

tsʰəbæ

dacheng

large steelyard

tʂeɕy

jiaoyu

education

tsʰehĩ

huajiao

wild pepper

tsəi

zhe (ge)

this (one)

tʂəi

goujinliang

fair weighing

tʂəj

yang

itchy

tʂəje

shengshizi

to have lice

tʂəji

cougou

to make up the proper amount

tʂʰejy

fangche

spinning wheel

tʂek

laotour

old man

tʂəkə

lushui

dew

tsəkəʴ

xianzai

now

tsəkəʴ

cai

then and only then

tsəkəʴ

ganggang

just now

tsəkəʴ

gangcai

just a while ago

tsəkəʴ

xiandai

modern times, contemporary age

tsəkəʴ

xianzai

present

tʂeku

huli

fox

tʂəku

huchou

to have underarm odor

tʂəkuɑ

da jia

to fight

tʂəkuɑ

jihao

sign

tʂəkuɑ

jihao, biaozhi

mark

tʂʰəlu

shengqi

to be angry, get angry

tsʰeluku

xiangchang

cured sausage

tʂəm

tufu

butcher

tsəmu

zheyang

such, like this

tʂemu

nanren (yi hun)

married man

tʂəmu

xi

tin

tsən - tʰən

-r (zher, nar)

(localizer)

tʂəŋɸu

zhengfu

government

tsʰəntʰɑ

zhengbian

to argue, to dispute

tʂənu mɑtʂɑ tʰə

ta zai chifan

he is having meal

tʂʰənχuɑ

shenyin

to moan

tʂəp

zhuzi

pillar

tʂəp

qunian

last year

tsəpæs

liba

fence, hedge

tsəpæs tse

weiliba

to fence in a bamboo fence

tsəq

zhe ge yue

this month

tʂʰəq

bayue

August

tʂʰeq hɑŋw

zhongqiujie

mid-autumn festival

tʂəs

qiantian

day before yesterday

tʂes mæχuɑ

qiantian wanshang

day before yesterday evening

tsəʂe

zhexie

these (ones)

tsəʂə

zanmen

'we' PRO first exclusive plural

tsəʂə kiʂɑ

zanmen zou ba!

imperative sentence (eg. let's go !)

tsəʂəs

zanmen de

ours (excl.)

tʂesuɑ

bashi

eighty

tʂəsuɑ

zunzhong

to respect

tʂətʂɑ

jiao

to chew

tsətsə

xun

to smoke

tʂetʂe

tang

(it feels) hot

tʂətʂe

fashao

to have fever

tʂətʂə

jianzhu

building, construction

tʂətʂə

zhuangshi

decoration, ornament

tʂətʂə

wen, tang

warm

tʂʰətsə

chezi

car

tʂʰətʂʰə

zou

to leave, to go

tʂʰətsə hɑlɑ

shang che

to get onto a cart

tʂʰətsə ɦolu

xia che

to dismount from a cart, to alight from a car

tʂʰətsə tətʂʰə

kai che

to drive a car

tʂʰətsə welem

chefu

driver

tʂʰətsə wuje

jiaoche

to call for a car

tʂʰətʂʰə χuəʴ

nanzou, qiqu

(road) rough

tʂʰətsə zu

zuo che

to ride in a car

tsetsekə

xiaohaizi

child

tsəwɑ

zhebian

this side, this way

tsəwɑ - tʰəwɑ

zhebian, nabian

that way

tsəwɑ tʰəwɑ

zher, nar

there

tʂəwi ɦəʑi jy

ta yijing shui le

he went to bed.

tʂewu

ta

'he, she' PRO 3rd sg.

tʂəwu æilu pɑnɑ soute

ta yi jin men jiu reng dongxi le

correlative sentence (eg. as soon as he entered he threw things)

tʂəwu æpæ sutu æpæ moʂutu

you shihou ... you shihou (ta you shihou bu guai you shihou guai)

sometimes … sometimes … (eg. sometimes he is naughty, sometimes he is good)

tʂəwu ɑʁuɑ tʂʰətʂʰə ɑʁuɑ zə

yibian … yibian (ta yibian zou yibian chi)

at the same time, while …, as … (eg. he eats while he runs)

tʂəwu ɕi kɑwu ɦəʴkʰəʴ

ta ba wan dalan le

he broke the bowl

tʂəwu ɕi sətʰə næ ɕikəʴ ɦəʐe

he he jiu he de zui le

sentence with extent complement (eg. he drank liquor so much he got drunk)

tʂəwu dətʂʰe

ta tui guo qu

he pushed over there

tʂewu əki mɑkɑ

(ta jin bu qu)

cannot (with directional verb) (eg. he cannot enter)

tʂəwu ətʂʰe

ta wang shuiyuan tui

he pushed to the source of a river

tʂəwu ətʂʰe

ta tui jin qu

he pushed inward

tʂəwu hɑlu mɑkɑ

ta chu bu lai

negative potential sentence (eg. he can't come out)

tʂəwu hɑsu

ta wang hou tiao

he jumped backward

tʂəwu hɑtʂʰe

ta wang shang tui

he pushed upward

tʂəwu hɑtʂʰe

ta tui chu lai

he pushed outward

tʂəwu ɦetʂʰe

ta wang xia tui

he pushed downward

tʂəwu hosu

ta tiao chulai

he jumped outward

tʂəwu kʰeti ɦosu

ta wangxia tiao

he jumped downward

tʂəwu kəȵi tətʂʰə næ zutu təje

ta jingguo Maoxian dao le Chengdu

he passed by Maoxian and arrived in Chengdu

tʂəwu kimɑ tʰəkəʴ tɑ næ qɑ tɑ zətɑ

lin (ta lin zou de shihou cai gen wo shuo)

just before (eg. just before he left)

tʂəwu lə zutu ɦekəʴ

ta le, qu le Cheungdu

He, went to Chendu

tʂəwu lu ji

ta you lai le

he came again.

tʂəwu lu næ - ɦæpæ ȵuo kijy

jiu (ta lai le, mei duojiu jiu zou le)

therefore, (eg.he came then he left )

tʂəwu lu tu tʂəwus təwəʴ tʂə əkəʴ jy

ta lai de shihou ta gege yijing hui jia le

sentence with time clause (eg. when he came, his brother had already gone home)

tʂəwu mɑnɑ wəi - qɑ tʂəwu χuɑ tʂə pələ

gei, wei, daiti (ta bushufu, wo daiti ta shangban)

in place of (eg. do it for him)

tʂəwu mɑpɑ ȵyŋu - ɕyɕy ŋu

ta bu shi ben, shi zhuang sha

contrastive sentence (eg. he is not being stupid, but pretending to be foolish)

tʂəwu mætɑ ʑik suku təky

ta gei ren tou le qianbao

passive sentence (eg. he was stolen of his wallet)

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ kuty təkue jy

ta kaishi zuofan

he begins to make meal.

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ lə metʰj

ta lian fan ye bu chi

object-emphatic sentence (eg. he does not even eat rice)

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ sətʰ ji

ta yijing chi le fan

he finished meal

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ tætʰ

ta hai zai chifan

he is still having meal

tʂewu mɑtʂɑ tʰə

-zhe (ta chi zhe fan)

progressive, "he is eating"

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ tʰə

ta zhengzai chifan

he is having meal

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ tʰə mɑji

ta kuai yao chifan

he will have meal soon

tʂəwu mɑtʂɑ tʰə su

ta chi fan chi de kuai

sentence with manner complement (he eats fast)

tʂəwu molu ɑwu sətʰ

ta duo chi le yi wan

sentence with adverb (eg. he ate one bowl more)

tʂəwu moty motʂʰu

ta bu gan bu zuo

sentence with verbal complement (eg. he dared not not do it)

tʂəwu mutu tusu

ta wangshangtiao

he jumped upward

tʂəwu næ tʂəwu təwəʴ ɦĩze tʂə hɑkəʴ

ta gen ta gege fenbie chuqu le

sentence with conjoined noun phrases (eg. he and his brother went out separately)

tʂəwu nəpu teje

ta shi qu nian lai de

cleft sentence (eg. it is last year that he came)

tʂəwu nəs mæχuɑ gus χɑχɑ kəʴ ɦety

ta qian yi wan yuxian zuo le xin yifu

sentence with adverb (eg. the night before, he made new clothes in advance)

tʂəwu nətʂʰe

ta wang qian tui

he pushed forward

tʂəwu osu

ta tiao jinqu

he jumped inward

tʂəwu pəs təje - tʰusə mætəji

chufei (chufei ta jintain dao, yaoburen laibuji)

unless (eg. unless he come today, he can’t be on time)

tʂəwu pəs tutue tətʂ

ta jintian ai ma le

passive sentence (eg. he got scolded today)

tʂəwu pʰitʰɑ kule ki niŋu

ta bu shi feichang luosuo

negative sentence with adverb (eg. he is not extraordinarily chattering)

tʂəwu pu xsi tsʰun mele

ta gao le mei san cun

sentence with measure expression (eg. he has become not up to three inches taller)

tʂəwu qɑ sum ɑtɑtʂɑ

ta bi wo haiyao zao lai

comparative sentence (eg. he came even earlier than I)

tʂəwu qɑ tɑ ətʂʰə ji

ta rang wo zou

he let me go

tʂəwu qɑ tɑ gus tsətʂʰə unnʨ ɦəli ji

ta rang wo ba zhejian yifu gei ni

he let me give you this clothes

tʂəwu qɑ tɑ hɑtypo zəʁuɑ sə

ta jie le wo shi kuai qian

pseudo-indirect object construction (eg. he borrowed ten dollars from me)

tʂəwu qɑtɑ ɦəkəte

ta da le wo

He hit me

tʂəwu səsu

ta wang qian tiao

he jumped forward

tʂewu sətʰ ȵo ɦewe se

yi … jiu (ta yi chi jiu tu)

instantative, "as soon as he eats, he vomits"

tʂəwu sətʂʰe

ta wang hou tui

he pushed backward

tʂewu tæzæ je

-qilai (ta ku qilai)

inchoative, "he began crying"

tʂəwu təmæ tæje

(hai) mei (ta hai mei lai)

not yet (eg. he has not yet come)

tʂəwu tətʂʰə kusy qu

…ji (ta pao de kuai ji le)

degree (eg. He runs very fast)

tʂəwu tətsʰu næ ləɤʐ sə

ta zhan zhe kan shu

"compressed" sentence (eg. he is standing reading)

tʂəwu tosu

ta tiao guo qu

he jumped over there

tʂəwu tsʰə tɑu tsʰənæ ʐə le kule

ta pang shi pang, buguo changchang bing

sentence with concessional clause (eg. although he is fat, he is often sick)

tʂəwu tʂe ʨi loti kule

suiran (suiran ta hen xiao, danshi hen dongshi)

although (eg. although he is samll, he know well)

tʂəwu tʂəwu s təwəʴ səχəʴ mɑtʂu ʨi ɑtʂʰu tətʂʰu̥

ta bei ta gege guangzhe jiao ti shang le

passive sentence with descriptive adverbial (eg. he was kicked injured barefooted by his brother)

tʂəwu tʂijy sə sətʰ ji

ta rang xiaohair chiyao

he let the child take medicine

tʂəwu tsuɑ osu

ta wangshuiyuan tiao

he jumped to the source of a river

tʂəwu tsuɑ səsu

ta wang liushui fangxiang tiao

he jumped to the direction of the running water

tʂəwu tuwəʴ sə kəte

bei (ta bei gege da le)

passive marker (eg. he was hit by his brother)

tʂəwu unn tɑ tə ʨikoŋ ji

ta jiao ni bie haipa

sentence with imperative complement (eg. he asked you not to be afraid)

tʂewu unn tɑ tʂəwu tɑ okə

ta pai ni qu gen ta jiang

pivotal construction (eg. he sent you to talk with him)

tʂəwu unn tɑ ʐetɑ

dui (ta dui ni shuo)

toward, facing (he said to you)

tʂəwu unn təs kɑlə wu pɑ

ta renshi ni ba?

positive particle-question (eg. he knows you, I guess?)

tʂəwu unn təs mɑkɑlə wu pɑ

ta bu renshi ni ba?

negative particle-question (eg. he doesn't know you, I guess?)

tʂəwu unnʨ pʰu e ɦɑtɑ ti

ta ji guo yi feng xin gei ni

indirect object construction (eg. he has sent a letter to you)

tʂəwu xsi tʰu əlu jy

ta mei lai san ci le

sentence with frequency expression (eg. he has not come three times)

tʂəwu χuɑ tɑ ɑtʂətʂə ji ɑwɑ wəi

weile (weile ta, dajia dou xinku le)

for the sake of (eg. for the sake of him)

tʂewu ʐə əχə - mɑtʂɑ tʰəji

(ta bing hao le, chi fan le)

resumative, "he has recovered and is eating rice now"

tʂəwu ze ʐəq pej

ta bing le you si ge yue le

sentence with duration expression (eg. he has been sick for four months)

tʂəwu zəpelem ŋu

ta shi ge nongmin.

predicate nominal (he is a peasant)

tʂəwu zəsu

ta tiao guo lai

he jumped over here

tʂəwu zətʂʰe

taq tui guo lai

he pushed over here

tʂəwu ʑik unn ɦolo

ta ba qian jiao gei ni

executive sentence (eg. he handed the money to you)

tʂəwu zulu ɦɑkəʴ ɑsɑ

tingshuo ta you qu le Chengdu

it is said that he went to Chengdu again.

tʂəwu zutu ɦɑkəʴ ti

ta qu guo Chengdu

he had been to Chengdu.

tʂəwu ȵi

ta ne?

question with pro-form (eg. what about him?)

tʂəwu ʨijy sə sətʰ ʐə

ta rang xiaohair chi le yao

he let the child take medicine

tʂewus

ta de

his, hers

tʂəwusətʂʰe

ta wang liushui fanxiang tui

he pushed to the direction of the running water

tʂʰəzə

taoqi

mischievous

tsəʐəŋ

zeren

responsibility

tsəʴ ʐətə

zhuazir

to play jacks

tsʰəʨʰi

ciqi

porcelain

tʂəʴku

huangshulang

weasel

tʂəʴku

benshi, benling

ability, capability

tʂəʴmæ

nyuxu

daughter's husband

tʂəʴmu

zhangfu

husband

tʂəʴsua

zunjing

respect

tʂeʨy

nanren

male

tʂjy

youer

infant

tsn tse

xiaohe

stream, brook

tsʰo

zaozi

chisel

tsolaŋ

zoulang

corridor

tʂoŋkou mæ æpi je

Zhongguo renkou duo

"double-subject" sentence (eg. China is large in population)

tsʰotʰɑ

zao

to chisel

tʂʂəwu nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

ta shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when is he leaving?)

tsu

tang

soup

tsu

moshui

ink

tsu

hui, jihui

congregation

tsʰu

xingjiao

sexual intercourse

tsʰu

kesou

to cough

tʂu

shui

water

tʂu

keren

guest

tʂu

liu

six

tʂʰu

yonggan

courageous, brave, valiant

tsu əte

(shui) chong

(water) to wash

tsu tʂʰətʂʰə

(shui) liu

to flow, to stream

tsu ætʂʰæ tɑ

hean

river bank

tsu əse

po shui

to splash water

tsu hatsuɑ

pubu

waterfall

tsu ɦɑwe

hongshui

flood

tʂu heɕi

song (ke)

to see a visitor off, to send

tʂu ɦəpe

(dongwu) chan zi

(animals) to give birth to the young

tsu kə

jiao shui

to water

tsu kʰəti

yixia

(from) below, less

tsu ki

an

bank, shore, coast

tsu kʰueȵi

yiwai

beyond

tsu kutæ

yinei

within

tsu lɑpɑ

mao pao

to foam

tsu mutu

yishang

(from) above, more

tsu pæki

beishui, jishui

to get water (from river or well)

tsu ʁɑ te zə le

shuile you yu

there are fish in the water

tsu ʂe

shuiniu

buffalo

tʂu tə

qing ke

to invite guests, to give a party

tsʰu tewe

zhaoliang

to catch cold

tsu tʂətʂe

reshui

hot water

tsu tsʰu

shao kaishui

to boil (water)

tsu tusu

kaishui

boiling water

tsu tusujy

shui kai le

(water) boils

tsu χuəʴ

zhu tang

to cook soup

tsu ʐəte

youyong

to swim

tsu ʐəte

youyong

to swim

tsu zəti

na shui lai!

imperative sentence (eg. bring water !)

tʂu zu

zuo ke

to be a guest

tsu ʨy

chitang, shuichizi

pond

tsuɑ

pi

to split

tsuɑ

tan

phlegm

tsʰuæ

zhong, zai

to plant

tsʰuæ

zhong di

to plow the field

tsʰuɑ

kan

to chop with an axe

tʂuɑ

ziben

capital

tʂuɑ

you qian, fu

rich

tʂʰuɑ

qiao

bridge

tʂʰuɑ

suoqiao

rope bridge

tʂʰuɑ kʰəti

xiangxia

countryside

tsuɑ lu

liu koushui

to have saliva running from the mouth

tʂʰuɑ pɑ

xiangcun

village

tsuɑ səpʰu

tu tan

to spit

tsuɑ səpʰu

tu koushui, tu tuomo

to spit

tʂʰuɑ tʂə

jiaqiao

temporary bridge

tʂʰuɑ tʂʰə

guo qiao

to cross a bridge

tʂuaŋʨi

zhuangjia

crop

tsue

cu

vinegar

tsue

zuan

to bore a hole

tsue

suan

sour

tʂuəʴ pu

daobei

back of a knife

tsuəʴ sə mæχuɑ

yi tian dao wan

from morn till night

tʂuəʴ tse

xiaodao

knife, penknife

tʂuəʴ χuχu

daoqiao

sheath, scabbard

tsueȵi

chang

intestines

tsʰueȵi

ta

to tread

tsueȵi pɑʴ

mangchang

appendix

tʂuəʴtʂə

shenpan

to judge

tʂuəʴtʂə

fangwen

visit

tʂuəʴtʂə

wen

to ask

tsuəʴtsue

zaochen, zaoshang

morning

tsʰui tɑ

cui

brittle, crunchy

tsʰuitʰɑ

xuan (kai, jin)

to screw

tʂʰuitʂʰui

chuizi

hammer

tsukap

chahu

teapot

tsukəʴ

caoxie

straw sandals

tsuku

bei

back

tsuku

beidili

on the quiet, in secret

tsuku mæ susuɑ

beidili suanji ren

to tell tales of, to play trick on

tsuku tʂʰɑq

cheqiancao

plaintain (grass)

tsuku zætə

chui bei

to massage the back by pounding

tsukutu

beihou

shade

tsun

tiaozao

flea

tsʰun

cun

inch

tsup

duan

satin

tsup lɑpɑ

huaduan

brocade

tsupɑ

bing

ice

tsupi

lao (bing)

to cook on a griddle

tʂuq

liuyue

June

tʂusæ

san

umbrella

tʂusæ təsæ

da san

to put up an umbrella

tsuʂu te næpu tʂɑ

na kou jing you duo shen?

question-word question (eg. how deep is that well?)

tʂʰute

chao

to stir fry, to fry

tʂʰute

bao

to pop

tʂʰute

chan

to spade

tʂute we

ganmao, shangfeng

cold

tsutəʴ nætʂə ɦetʰe

fu shuitu

to get used to the climate of a new place

tʂuts

zhuozi

table

tʂutʂə

Shen’an

to try a case

tʂutʂəß

saochu

cleaning

tsutsu

zufu (zhicheng)

paternal grandfather (quoting term)

tsutsu

zumu (zhicheng)

paternal grandmother (quoting term)

tsʰutsʰu

shu zhuzi

to set up pillars

tʂutʂuɑ

da (xingli)

to pack (luggage)

tʂutʂuɑ

kun, bang

to tie up, to bind

tʂʰutʂʰuɑ

qie

(with downward motion) to cut

tsuzɑ

shuipiao

gourd used for a ladle

tʂuʐoŋʨi kəȵi təje

Zhurongji zongli lai Maoxian. (qinyan mudu)

Premier Zhu rongji came to Maoxian

tʂuʐoŋʨi kəȵi təje ji

Zhurongji zongli lai maoxian. (ting bieren shuo)

Premier Zhu rongji came to Maoxian (heard from others)

tʂuʐoŋʨi kəȵi təje ŋu

Zhurongji zongli lai maoxian. (kandao kenduo haohua de che er guji shi zheiyang)

Premier Zhu rongji came to Maoxian. (saw many luxury cars and guess like this)

tsʰuȵi

zhui

to pursue, to run after

tʂʰy te

zhai, qia

to pick

tʂypæ juetu tɑ

bandaorshang

on the way, half way

tsʴe tum

muyangde

shepherd

tu

you

oil

tu

tiaodan

to carry on a carrying pole

tu

qiuqian

swing

tu

gang (liang ge ren)

to carry on the shoulders

tʰu

tong

pail

tʰu

tang

CL (trip)

tu kuʂ

youcai

rape

tu pu

mai you

to buy (cooking) oil

tu sə

duyao

poison

tu ʂuɑ

youpingzi

child of a woman's former marriage

tuɑje

bozu

lame

tuatʂe

duosui, ke

carve, chop,hash

tuɑtʂe

zhuo

to peck

tue ɦæpæ

zuichun

lips

tue wəʴ

duozui

to speak more than one should

tuekəß

zui

mouth

tuekəß ɦəsue

bishang zui

to close the mouth

tuekəß ʂulɑ

pie zui

to wriggle the lips

tuekəß təqɑ

zhang zui

to open the mouth

tuekəß tətsʰu

lie zui

to slit-open the mouth

tuekəß χulɑ

shu kou

to rinse the mouth

tuekəß zæte

jue zui

to purse the lips

tuetʂə

duo

to chop, to mince

tuewəʴ

shuo xianhua

to gossip

tukuɑ

shou jing

to be frightened

tulu

fou

to float, to drift

tupæ

mucai

timber, wood

tupæ

mutou

wood

tuquɑ

ying

to win

tusu

zhufei

to bring to a boil

tusu

gunkai

boil

tutsʰɑ

cong

green onion

tutsʰu

shu

vertical

tutʂu̥

xiongdi

brothers

tutʂu̥

tongbao xiongdi

uterine brothers

tutʂu̥

didi (zhicheng)

younger brother (quoting term)

tutʂu̥

jinxiongdi

husbands of sisters

tutʂu̥

neixiong

wife's elder brother

tutʂu̥

neidi

wife's younger brother

tutʂu̥

tangxiongdi

siblings of father's brothers, cousin

tutʂu̥

biaoxiongdi

siblings of father's sisters, of mother's brothers and sisters, cousins

tutʂu̥ ɦɑsɑ

jiebai xiongdi

sworn brothers

tutuɑ

cai

to cutout in sewing

tutue

zhouyu

spell, curses

tutue təi

nian zhou

to recite incantation

tuty

shao (ji ge cai)

to cook (a few dishes)

tuuəʴ χɑχɑ tutʂu̥ kəte

gege changchang da didi

simple declarative sentence with transitive verb (eg. the elder brother often hits the younger brother)

tuwəʴ

gege (duicheng)

elder brother (address term)

tuwəʴ

gege (zhicheng)

elder brother (quoting term)

tuχua

duzi

tripe

tuχuɑ wte

ouxin

nauseating

tuχuɑ wute

ouxin

nauseating, unsightly

ty

bing

freeze

ty mupɑ

caishen

God of Wealth

tyɕynæ

dahoutian

day after day after tomorrow

tytʂʰɑ

mayi

ant

tytʂʰɑ

baiyi

termite

tytue

ma

to scold

tytue

qiangduo

deprive, rob

uəʴ

jianku

distressing, hard

uəʴty

xiangnian

to worry, to put to heart

uəʴty

xiwang, yuanwang

wish for

unn

yinzi

silver

unn

ni

'you (thou)' PRO 2nd sg.

unn hæmetæzy kəʴ tʂəwu ləɤʐ pɑ təjy

ni hai mei chusheng yiqian ta yijing nian daxue le

sentence with time clause (eg. before you were born he had already attended college)

unn hezy əʨi næ - unn kim χuɑje

zicong … yilai (zicong ni chusheng yilai,ni yizhi hen shou)

since (eg. since you were born)

unn kitʰi əpulə - qɑ təje sə tojy

dao … weizhi (ni jixu zuo, dao wo lai weizhi)

until (eg. Keep working until I came)

unn lɑpɑ tsətu ɸu mɑɸu ɑs təhite

ni lai wenwen zhe duo hua xiang bu xiang

"compressed" sentence (eg. you come and smell this flower to see if it is fragrant)

unn lejy tɑtʂɑ tʂəwu lejy ʐətɑ mɑtʂʰu

ni yue xiao ta jiu yue bu gan shuo hua

correlative sentence (eg. the more you laugh the more he dares not speak)

unn loti

ni zhidao

you know

unn mɑlɑpu tu - unn təʨepu

jiran (jiran ni bu xihuan, ni jiu biemai)

since (eg. since you don't like it, don’t buy it)

unn mɑtʂɑ jikue kʰɑn wɑ tʰuʂɑ tʰən wɑ

ni shi chi fan shi chi xifan?

disjunctive question (eg. are you eating rice or congee?)

unn mɑtʂɑ sətʰ jun mi

-le (ni chi le fan mei you ?)

perfective, "have you eaten?"

unn mɑtʂɑ tʰən

ni zai chifan

you are having meal

unn mɑʐə - qɑ hɑwɑ

ni bu hui, rang wo lai

sentence with pro-form (eg. you don't know, let me do it)

unn meʨʰin - ŋu wɑ ȵyŋu

ni bu yao, shi bu shi?

negative tag-question (eg. you don't want, right?)

unn nækəʴ kimɑ tʂə

ni shenme shihou zou?

question-word question (eg. when are you coming back?)

unn qɑ

wolia

the two of us

unn qɑ mɑtʂɑ tʰe

woliang zai chifan

two of us are having meal

unn sute tʰəʂe sə tɑpu mɑtɑpun wɑ

ni xi (huan) bu xihuan kan xi?

verb-not-verb question (eg. do you like to watch drama or not ?)

unn tʂɑ

ni zao

good morning

unn tʂəwu ɑtuɑ ɦətou næ kɑ

ni yao da ta yi dun cai xing

sentence with frequency expression (eg. you have to give him a spank and then it is alright)

unn tʂəwu lænʨi ɑχɑ pu

gen … yiyang (ni gen ta yiyang gao)

as...as, same as (eg. you are as tall as he is)

unn tʂəwu sum ɦĩ tʂun pu

bi (ni bi ta gao liang cun)

comparative degree marker (eg. you are taller than him)

unn tʂəwu tɑ heju qɑ ki le

ni gaosu ta wo jiu qu

sentence with nominalized object (eg. you tell him I away) am going right

unn tʂəwu tæzə - tʰuɕi metəji

yaoshi ni xin ta, jiu zaogao la!

sentence with conditional clause (eg. if you believe him, it will be a mess)

unn tʂewutɑ lu jun mi

-you (ni you mei you jiao ta lai ?)

past, "did you ask him to come?"

unn tʂoŋkou təje χum mi

-guo (ni qu guo Zhongguo ma ?)

completive, "have you been to China?"

unn zæ meʨʰi

bu yong (ni bu yong ku)

need not (eg. you need not cry)

unn ʐəsɑ

ni hao

"how are you"

unn ʐu hɑquɑ

ba (ni ba men guanshang)

(eg. you must shut the door. )

unn ȵiki næ ɦæi χɑje

zenme ni yue lai yue shou?

correlative sentence (eg. how come you are getting thinner and thinner?)

unn ȵiki ʨʰin

ni yao shenme ne?

question-word question (eg. what do you want?)

unn ʨʰin - ŋu mi

ni yao, shi bu shi?

positive tag-question (eg. You want (it), right?)

unns

ni de

yours (sg.)

unnu

dong

to move

unwu

dong

to move

ʊpæ zəkə

(zhu) shetou

(pork) tongue

uu

cheng

pile up

uuje

timu

topic

uuje

yaoqing

invite

uuje hɑtʂutʰe

chu timu

to assign a theme

wɑ

duan

(of length) short

wɑ

hao, xing

all right

wɑj

da zhaohu

to hail

wɑsə

jieguang

"allow me to pass"

wə

shengkou

livestock, cattle

wə

chen

5th earthly branch

wə jæ

(gong) ma

horse

wə mæ

muma

mare

wə pæse

qi ma

to ride a horse

wəi

yinggai

ought to, should

wəje

han

to shout, to cry

wəl

guang

light

wese

outu

to vomit

wəʴ

maoniu

yak

wəʴlɑ

diao

to fish (with a rod)

wəʴlɑ

lao

to fish out

wəʴlɑ

diaoyu

fishing

wəʴty

kewang

to long for

wəʴty

niantou

idea, thought

wəʴty

xinsi

intellectual faculties

wəʴty

xiang

to think

wəʴty

huanxiang, xiangxiang

to fancy

wəʴty

xiang, kaolyu

to think

wəʨʰy

macao

manger

woje

mingz

name

woje

xiaoming, ruming

pet name

woje

chenghu

to call, to designate

wu

long

dragon

wu

jiao

to pour over

wu

ken

to be willing

wu

wu

7th earthly branch

wu welem

mafu

groom

wuje

xingli, da zhaohu

greeting, salute

wupæ

maan

saddle

wupe

xiongtang, xiongpu

chest

χɑ

jian

sword

χæ tʂʰes

shuiyantong

pipe

χɑbɑʐə

shualai

to go back on a promise

χæi

pijuan

to get tired

χɑwkə

huang

yellow

χæzæ

luo

gong

χæzæ zæte

daluo

to sound the gong

χəl

mantou

steamed bread

χəntʰɑ

hen

to hate

χəntʰɑ

qiangbao

violent

χəʂu

gangmen

anus

χəʴ

zhen

needle

χəʴ

landuo

lazy

χəʴ jɑpu

zhenyanr

eye of needle

χəʴ ʂə

chuan zhen

to thread a needle

χəʴ tʂɑtʰɑ

zhenjiu

acupuncture

χoŋje

meiren

matchmaker

χoŋje tʂʰətʂʰə

zuo mei

to act as go-between

χotsə

tuchun

harelipped person

χoχo

hezi

box

χsɑ

limao

manners, courtesy

χsɑ

guai

good as a child

xsiko

sanjiao

triangle

χu

kou

opening of the mouth

χuɑ

daiti

to take the place of

χuɑ nɑj

haomai

it sells well

χuaj

kai zhang

newly open

χuɑje

shou

thin

χuɑje

shouxiao

thin and small

χuɑntʂɑ

huangzhang

bewildered, in a fluster

χuɑʨʰɑu

huaqiao

overseas Chinese

χue

kao

to roast

χuəʴ

zhu

to cook

χuəʴ

zhu (yong shui zhu)

to boil

χuəʴ

ao

to boil for a long time

χuəʴ

zhulan, zhuruan

cooked till tender

χuəʴ

nan

difficult

χuəʴ

mafan (bu rongyi jiejue)

knotty

χuəʴ

kunnan

hard

χuəʴ

fuza

complex, complicated

χuəʴ sətʂuəʴ

sao di

to sweep the floor

χulɑ zəkəʴ

zaotang

public bathhouse

χule

zancheng

to approve

χule

chenghu

to call, to designate

χuʂ

sihou

to wait in secret for an opportunity

χuʂɑ

heshang, sengren

monk

χutʰɑ

hua huar

to draw/ paint a picture

χute

dou

to tease

χutəʴ

candou

horsebean

χuts

huzi

moustache

χuts tʰə

gua huzi

to shave beard

χutʂu

mingyun

fate

χutʂu

mingyun, yunqi, suming

destiny, fate

χuχu

yinnang

scrotum

xy

xiang

incense

xyzuæ

shao xiang

to burn incense

xyzuæs

xianglu

incense burner

zæ

xiangxin

to believe

zɑ

shaor

spoon

zɑ

yao (shui)

to ladle, to draw up

zɑ

yao

scoop

zækəß

shao

few

zæmæ

zhongwu, zhengwu

noon, midday

zæmæ muʑi tsʰuɑ

shui wujiao

to take a nap

zæmæ ʂxu

xiawu

afternoon

zæte

da maizi

to thresh

zæte

qiao (tou)

to pound, to tap, to strike, to rap on (the head)

ʐɑtsəjɑ

xishi

wedding

ze

zhongzi

seed

ze

rongyi

easy

ze

mao

4th earthly branch

ze

jiandan, danchun

simple

zə

di

the earth

zə

tian

field, acres, rice-field

zə

zhidi

quality (of things)

zə

tiandi

field

zə

changhe

case

zə

tudi

ground, land

ʐə

yu

fish

ʐə

yu

fish

ʐə

bing

diseases, illness, sickness

ʐə

tong

painful

ʐə

hui (yingwen)

to be capable of

ʐə

si

four

ʐə

maobing

dosorder

ʐə

bing

suffer, become ill

zə e

(yikuai) di

land, soil, territory grounds

ʐə ɦɑsɑ

genghao

better

ze ɦəp kɑ

naixin

patience

zə lə

li tian

to plough

zə lə

gengtian, gengzuo

cultivation

ʐə mɑsɑ

huaichu

bad points

ʐə mɑsɑ

huai

bad, wrong

ʐə nətu

choujin

to have cramps

ʐə pɑ

da bing, zhong bing

serious illness

ʐə səkitɑ

yiyuan

hospital

ʐə ʂue

bing zhong

to be seriously ill

zə tɑ χəʴ eti ɦunn

dishang you gen zhen

there is a needle on the ground

ʐə tʂu

yuzi

fish spawn

ʐəaɑ

(difang) shufu

cozy

zəi

xian

salty

ʐəi

hai bing

to be ill

ʐəi

teng

hurt, be sore, pain

zəje

ku

to weep, to cry

zək

shetou

tongue

zək

jianshao

to decrease

ʐək

qu

to take a wife

zək kəpu

shegen

root of the tongue

zək sətʂʰ

tu shetou

to stick out the tongue

zək tæntæn

shejian

tongue tip

zək ʨi

bazhan

to keep for oneself

zəkə

zi

1st earthly branch

ʐəkə

laoshu

mouse, rat

zəkəʴ

diming

local place names

zəkəʴ

difang

place

zəkəʴ

weizhi, didian

location, position

zəkəʴ

difang

region, province

zəkəʴ məʴ

bendi xingshi

local family names

zəkəʴtəkəʴ

da qiuqian

to swing on a swing

zəki

na

to hold with the hand

zeku

xiuzi

sleeves

zəku

wu

fog, mist

zəkuəʴj

baowei

to surround

zəkupe

zheng

earn

ʐələm

yisheng

doctor

ʐeli

li, rili

calendar

zəlu

wei (qiang)

to wall in

ʐem

bingren

patient

zəm sute

wudao

dance

zəne

yu

jade

zəp

jinnian

this year

zəp

diqiu

the earth, globe

zəpʰætʰɑ

pan tui

to cross the legs

ʐepeki

bainian

to pay respects at the New Year

ʐəpətʂ

yi bing, zhi bing

to heal disease, to cure

zəpu təχuɑ

maimai

trade

ʐeq

siyue

April

zəʁuɑse

bei gu

to be employed

ʐəʁuəʴ

yaoshi

key

ʐəsɑ

maosheng

luxuriant

ʐəsɑ

taiping

peace

ʐəsɑ

xing

will do

ʐəsɑ

keyi

may

ʐəsɑ

haochu

good points

ʐəsɑ

hao

good

ʐəsɑ

youli

advantageous

zəsə

leijin

to fasten, to tighten

ʐəsə

kan bing

to examine the disease

ʐəsəm

qing yisheng

to get a doctor

ʐəsəm sə

kan yisheng

to visit a doctor

zəʂəwu

zhuan guolai

to turn around

zəʂu

manzhu

to conceal

zəʂu

shou, ling

to receive, to accept

zəʂu

shouhuo

harvest, ingathering

zəʂu

cang

hide oneself

zəʂu̥

jianshi

to pick up

zəʂu ʂɑ

shou qilai

to put away

zəʂuɑ

dedao, huode

to get, to obtain

zəʂuɑ

dedao, huode

to get, to obtain

ʐesuɑ

sishi

forty

zəʂuɑʴ

cun

deposit

zəʂuəʴ

shoushi (dongxi, fangjian)

to clean up / to tidy up (room, house, etc.), put in order

zət

rizi

date

zətæ

za yaodai

to fasten the waist belt

zətɑ

dishang

ground

zətɑ

tuhua

local dialect

zətɑ

tuyin

local accent

zətɑ

chuanhua

to interpret

zətɑ

nian jing

to chant sacred books

zətɑ

jiaoji

socializing

zətɑ

yijian

opinion

zətɑ

aishuohua

garrulous, talkative

zətɑ

shuohua

speak, chat

zətɑ

kongsu

appeal

ʐətɑ

fenfu

to command

ʐətɑ

zhufu

to charge

ʐətɑ hejy

huan zui

to talk back

ʐətɑ təkue

qiang zui

assertive, to seize to speak

ʐətɑ titʰɑ

ding zui

to contradict a senior

zətɑ ʐə

shuoshu de

storyteller

zəte

touxian

to waste time while on a job

zəte

zhongtou, xiaoshi

hour

zəte

dianzhong

o'clock

zətə

yingjie, jie

to welcome, to receive, meet

zətʰe

lou

to embrace, to hug

ʐete

youwan, wanr

game, play

ʐete

dubo

gambling

ʐete

xiangougfu

leisure

ʐəte

caochang

playground

ʐəte

huodong

activities

ʐəte

xian

leisurely

ʐəte

la

pepper-hot, pungent

ʐəte

xinla

pungent

ʐətə

wanr

to play

ʐəte kəje

kaiwanxiao

to joke

ʐəte ŋu

shuoxiao

to joke (verbally)

ʐətekəje

xiantan

to chat

zətʰi

nalai

bring over

ʐəti

wakuren

to ridicule sarcastically or in disguise

zətʂ

zisun

descendant, offspring

zətʂɑ

mie, xiao

to put out, to extinguish

zətʂæpæ

zhe

to break

zətsu

zhou mei

to knit the eyebrows

zətʂu̥

sunzi

son's son, grandson, grandchild

zətʂu̥

sunnyu

son's daughter, granddaughter, grandchild

zetʂuɑ

bawo

to grasp, to grip

zətʂuɑ

nie

to knead (a dough)

zətʂuɑ

wo quan

to clench one's fist

zətʂuɑ

nie

to pinch with the fingers

zətʂuɑ

jin

tight

zətʂuɑ

wo

to grip, to grasp

zətʂʰuɑ

ji

to squeeze

zətʂʰuɑ

le (si)

to strangle

zətsukuɑ

fa mei

to mildew

zətʂutʂuɑ

kun, shu

bunch

zətu

diyu

hell

zətu qi

guorizi, shenghuo

live

zətuæ

zhua

to claw, to clutch

zətue

ai ma

to get scolded

zəwe

yingda

to respond verbally

zəwe

daying

to promise, acnsent to, accept

zəwe

huida

answer

zəwe

yunxu

to admit, to grant, to allow

zəwe

yuanyi

wish, beg

zəwəʴ

gou

to hook

zəχnəʴ

dun

to double boil, to stew

zəʴ

beidai

belt for carrying baby on the back

zəʴ

shengsuo, suozi

ropes, cordage

zəʴ

shengzi

cord, straw rope

zəʴ

jiangsheng

rein(s), bridle

zəʨi

jiejian

thrifty

zi

tuzi

rabbit

zi

zhong

heavy

ʑi

haochi

delicious

ʑi

you weir

smell

ʑik

xiankuan

cash

ʑik

feiyong

charge, fee, rates

ʑik ki χuɑ

(yizhi mai zheme duo qian)

continuous, "it has been selling for this much money"

ʑik moɦunn næk ʑik tʂʰə wəi

budan … erqie (budan meiqian, erqie hai qieqian

not only … but also (eg. not only doesnot have money, but also owes money

ʑikə

huobi

money

ʑikə

qian

money

ʑikə

chaopiao

paper money

ʑikə

lufei

travelling expenses

ʑikə hɑtɑ

hui qian

to send money

ʑikə ləlɑ

huan lingqian

to break money

ʑikə səkəʴ

huaqian

to spend money

ʑikə ʨʰiw

qian (qian)

to owe (money)

ʑikəß

xinshui

salary, pay

ʑikəß

gongzi

wages

ʑikəß ɦəle

fa xinshui

to issue salary

ʑikəß ku

pa qian

to pickpocket

ʑiʁuɑ

bangzhu

to help, to assist

ʑiʁuɑ

bangmang

to help

ʑiʁuɑm

dazarde

janitor, a household helper

ʑiʂɑ pu

shuijiao ba!

imperative sentence (eg. do sleep )

ʐojy

lu

deer

ʐojy

lyu

ass, donkey

ʐojy

luo

mule

zu

qiaomai

buckwheat

zu

jingye

sperm, semen

ʐu

men

door

ʐu

qing

light

ʐu

damen

gate

zu jɑpu

chuangzi

window

ʐu sə

kanmende

doorkeeper

zuɑm

ger

song

zuɑm tsʰuɑ

chang ge

to sing

zuæn

shimo

mill

zue

mo

to grind, sharpen

zue

mo (mi jia shui)

to grind (grains) with water

zue

mo, jiu

mortar

zue

mo, yan

mash, chafe, rub, file

zue

mo

sharpen

ʐue

jundui

army

ʐue

bing

soldier

ʐue

junren

warrior, soldier

zue bəl

wenzi

mosquito

ʐue hɑkə

dang bing

to become a soldier

ʐue pɑʴ

junguan

officer

zujy

jiangu, queshi

firm, stable

ʐukuɑ

tizi

hoof

ʐukuɑ

tui

the leg

ʐukuɑ

jiao

foot

ʐukuɑ jisu

jiaozhitou

toes

ʐukuɑ jisu dək

jiaojian

point of the foot

ʐukuɑ jisu ʂkɑ

jiaozhifeng

space between toes

ʐukuɑ jisu tʂʰɑk

jiaozhijia

toenail

ʐukuɑ χulɑ

xi jiao

to wash the feet

zum tʂʰe

chang xi

to sing a role in opera

zum tsʰuɑ

yanxi

to act in a play

zum tsʰuɑm

xizi

actor

zumɑ

baishu

cypress

zun

yinyue

music

zʌqu

weizhu

to surround

zus

shaitai

drying terrace

zutu sə kəȵi nətʂə tʂʰə tʂʰə

cong Chendu dao Maoxian zheme zou?

how to go from Chengdu to Maoxian?

ʐuχuɑ

bei beinang

to carry on one's back

zy

bao

thin

ʑylu

shihou

to attend on

ʑylu

deng

to wait for

ʑylu

zhunbei

to prepare

ʑylu

qidai

expect

ʨɑ

cong, da

from

ʨɑ

zher

here

ʨʰɑ

yao, xiangyao

to want, to desire, to wish for, be anxious to

ʨæntsə

jianghu

paste

ʨæntsə

jianzi

shuttlecock

ʨæntsə təkəʴ

tijianzi

to play the shuttlecock

ʨɑnʨæ

jian

pointed

ȵæȵæ

bomu

father's elder brother's wife

ʨepɑ

jie ba

to grow into a scar

ʨəsən

jiesheng

to act as a midwife

ʨətʰi

jiti

in great numbers

ȵi

hei

black

ȵi

nong

dense

ʨi

nyuer

daughter

ʨi

nyuhaizi

girl

ʨi

zui

most

ʨi

tai

too, excessively

ʨʰi

zhai

narrow

ʨʰi

mimi

secret

ʨʰi

xuyao

to need

ȵi ŋu

zenmeyang?

how? what about? what kind of?

ʨi tɑ

jiaxiang, guxiang

home, native land

ʨi tʂutə

jiehun de rizi

wedding day

ʨɪ ʨun

chunyu

virgin

ʨiɑje

waigong (duicheng)

maternal grandfather (address term)

ʨiɑje

waigong (zhicheng)

maternal grandfather (quoting term)

ʨiɑpʰo

waipo (duicheng)

maternal grandmother (address term)

ʨiɑpʰo

waipo (zhicheng)

maternal grandmother (quoting term)

ʨiɸu

jiefu

elder sister's husband

ʨʰiɸu

qifu

to bully

ʨigæ

bie dong

don't move !

ʨʰijɑ

jieshou

to accept, to undertake

ʨʰijou

qiyou

gasoline

ʨijy kute

dou xiaohai

to tease/play with a child

ʨijy puje

yang haizi

to raise children

ʨijy sə

kan (haizi)

to watch the children

ʨijy tʂʰə

haiziqi

childish

ʨijy tsəʴ kusy molu mosutu

zhe xiaohai feichang bu ting hua

negative sentence with adverb (eg. this child is extraordinarily disobedient)

ʨijy ʨy

huaiyun

to be pregnant

ȵijyki

shenchi, chize

to scold

ȵikə

jiao (zuo)

to be called, be named

ʨʰikə

da jie

to make a knot

ʨʰikə ʁuɑ

shengjier

loose knot

ʨʰikə tu

sijier

dead knot

ʨikəʴ

qichu, dangchu, shouxian

at first

ʨikəʴ

zuichu

at first, initially

ȵiki

shenme (dongxi)

anything, something

ʨim

chanpo

midwife

ʨimæ

qizi

wife

ʨimæ

xifu

son's wife

ʨimæ

nyuren (yi hun)

married woman

ʨimæ

zaihun de nyuren

woman who remarries

ʨimæ

airen

lover

ʨimæ

airen, qingren

lover

ʨimæ kəje

nyuzhuren

mistress

ʨin mutu

dingshang

the top

ʨʰinje

yuefu (duicheng)

wife's father (address term)

ʨʰinje

zhangren (zhicheng)

wife's father (quoting term)

ʨʰinkʰuɑi

qinkuai

diligent

ʨintsə

jingzi

mirror

ʨintsə sə

zhaojingzi

to look in a mirror

ȵiŋu

shenme?

what?

ʨʰinȵæ

yuemu (duicheng)

wife's mother (address term)

ʨʰinȵæ

zhangmu (duicheng)

wife's mother (quoting term)

ȵipə

niebi

coins

ȵipu

hei

pitch dark

ʨʰipu

duimian

opposite

ʨʰipu

xieduimian

indirectly opposite

ʨitʰɑ

jihui

superstitious avoidance of things

ʨitʰɑ

ji

to crowd

ʨitʰɑ

duji

to be jealous, to envy

ʥite

jiezhi

ring

ȵitse

heizi

birthmark

ʨitʂute

jiehun

merriage

ʨitʂutə

xijiu

wedding feast

ʨitʂutə

hunli, hongshi

marriage ceremony

ȵiu - tʂəwu qɑ təs kɑ

bu, ta renshi wo

negative answer to negative particle-question (no, he knows me.)

ȵiu - tʂəwu qɑ təs mɑkɑ

bu, ta bu renshi wo

negative answer to positive particle question (no, he doesn’t know me.)

ȵiulə wu pɑ

bu shi ba?

negative particle-question (eg. (it) isn't true, I guess? (with disbelief))

ʨiwe

yinger

baby

ʨiʨy

nyuren

female

ʨiʨy

lao chunyu

old maid

ʨiʨyn

guniang

unmarried young woman

ʨjy ɦəʨi

zuoyuezi

(woman after givinng birth) to be confined

ʨu məʴ

jiumu

mother's brother's wife

ʨu ʨu

jiufu

mother's brother

ʨʰuepe

shanyai

drop-off, precipice, cliff

ʨʰuk

yingzi

shadow

ʨutsu

he, jiang

river

ʨy ʨue

qiangdao

robber

ʨʰy ʨʰy lɑpɑ

hudie

butterfly

ʨydy

yin

3rd earthly branch

ȵyme

mianyang

sheep

ȵyŋu

bu

no (negative answer)

ȵyŋu - qɑ meʨʰɑ

bu shi, wo bu yao

negative answer to positive tag-question (no, I don’t want (it))

ȵyŋu - qɑ ʨʰɑ

bu shi, wo yao

negative answer to negative tag-question (no, I want (it))

ʨʰyte

bai (juzi)

to open out, to separate

ʨyʨy

(dongwu) zai

(animals) young

ʨyʨy

xiao, youxiao

infant